The Witwatersrand, a gold-mining geographic area also known as the Reef in the province of Gauteng, South Africa, of which the principal city is Johannesburg
United States writer (born in Russia) noted for her polemical novels and political conservativism (1905-1982) the basic unit of money in South Africa; equal to 100 cents
The rand is the unit of currency used in South Africa. 12 million rand. The rand is also used to refer to the South African currency system. The rand slumped by 22% against the dollar. Russian-born American writer primarily known for her polemical novels, such as The Fountainhead (1943), which espouse the doctrines of objectivism and political libertarianism. See table at currency. A strip of cloth or leather used to support the shoe at the heel. rand the standard unit of money in South Africa. Leopold Rand Aldo RAND Corp. Rand Ayn
The principle, widely recognized in Canadian law and in collective agreements, that all employees of a unionized workplace must pay dues to the labor union, whether they choose to be members of the union or not
Nonpartisan think tank whose original focus was national security. It grew out of a research-and-development project (its name is a contraction of "research and development") by Douglas Aircraft Co. for the Army Air Force in 1945. In 1948 it became a private nonprofit corporation. In the 1960s it expanded its focus to address domestic public-policy issues. Its mission today is to improve policy and decision making through research and analysis. It employs several hundred scholars in many disciplines. Its funding comes from government contracts, charitable foundations, private corporations, and earnings on its endowment. Its headquarters are in Santa Monica, Cal., and it has offices in Washington, D.C., New York, and overseas
born Jan. 11, 1887, Burlington, Iowa, U.S. died April 24, 1948, near Madison, Wis. U.S. environmentalist. After attending Yale University, he worked for the U.S. Forest Service (1909-28), mainly in the Southwest. In 1924 the country's first national wilderness area (Gila Wilderness Area in New Mexico) was created at Leopold's urging. From 1933 to 1948 he taught at the University of Wisconsin. A fervent campaigner for the preservation of wildlife and wilderness areas, he was a director of the Audubon Society from 1935 and became a founder of the Wilderness Society in the same year. His Game Management (1933) was followed in 1949 by the posthumous A Sand County Almanac, which eloquently called for the preservation of ecosystems. Read by millions, it strongly influenced the budding environmental movement
orig. Alice Rosenbaum or Alissa Rosenbaum born Feb. 2, 1905, St. Petersburg, Russia died March 6, 1982, New York, N.Y., U.S. Russian-born U.S. writer. She immigrated to the U.S. in 1926 after graduating from the University of Petrograd and worked as a screenwriter in Hollywood. She won a cult following with two best-selling novels presenting her belief that all real achievement comes from individual ability and effort, that laissez-faire capitalism is most congenial to the exercise of talent, and that selfishness is a virtue, altruism a vice. In The Fountainhead (1943), a superior individual transcends traditionalism and conformism. The allegorical Atlas Shrugged (1957) combines science fiction with her political message. She expounded her philosophy, which she called objectivism, in nonfiction works and as editor of two journals and became an icon of radical libertarianism
rand
التركية النطق
ränd
النطق
/ˈrand/ /ˈrænd/
علم أصول الكلمات
[ 'rand, 'ränd, 'ränt ] (noun.) circa 1932. From Afrikaans, from Dutch rand; compare English rand.