otto

الإنجليزية - التركية

تعريف otto في الإنجليزية التركية القاموس.

المصطلحات ذات الصلة

jens otto harry jespersen

jens harry Jespersen otto

الإنجليزية - الإنجليزية

تعريف otto في الإنجليزية الإنجليزية القاموس.

A male given name

born July 980 died Jan. 23, 1002, near Viterbo, Italy German king (983-1002) and emperor (996-1002). He was elected German king at age 3, and his mother and grandmother served as regents until he came of age in 994. He went to Rome to put down a rebellion (996) and installed his cousin as Gregory V, the first German pope. After returning in 997 to quell another revolt, he made Rome the centre of his empire. He saw himself as leader of world Christianity and hoped to revive the glory of ancient Rome in a universal Christian state. When Rome rebelled against him (1001), he requested help from Bavaria but died before it arrived. or Otto of Brunswick born 1175/1182 died May 19, 1218, Harzburg Castle, Lower Saxony German king and Holy Roman emperor. He was elected German king (1198) by the Guelph faction (see Guelphs and Ghibellines) but was opposed by the Hohenstaufens, who elected Philip of Swabia. The two factions were at war for several years, but after Philip's murder in 1208 a new election gave the throne to Otto. He was crowned emperor (1209) by Pope Innocent III after agreeing not to claim Sicily. When he violated this pact and conquered southern Italy (1210), the German princes invited Frederick II to replace him. With his uncle, John of England, Otto invaded France, Frederick's ally; defeated at the Battle of Bouvines, he was deposed in 1215. known as Otto the Great born Nov. 23, 912 died May 7, 973, Memleben, Thuringia Duke of Saxony (936-61), German king (936-73), and emperor (962-73). He extended the frontiers of the German kingdom, winning territory from the Slavs in the east, forcing the Bohemians to pay tribute (950), and gaining influence in Denmark and Burgundy. In 951 Otto became king of the Lombards and married the queen of Italy. He quelled a rebellion by his son in 955 and defeated the Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld. Crowned emperor by Pope John XII in 962, he deposed John in 963 and replaced him with Leo VIII. He returned to Italy (966-72) to subdue Rome, and he betrothed his son, Otto II, to a Byzantine princess (972). He also extended his authority over the church and promoted missionary activity in lands he had conquered. By his death, Otto had created the most powerful state in western Europe and laid the foundation for the later Holy Roman Empire. Bismarck Otto Eduard Leopold prince von Dix Otto Graham Otto Everett Jr. Hahn Otto Jansen Cornelius Otto Jespersen Jens Otto Harry Klemperer Otto Kuusinen Otto Vilhelm Liman von Sanders Otto Meyerhof Otto Otto III Otto IV Otto of Brunswick Otto I Otto the Great Otto Nikolaus August Otto Rudolf Preminger Otto Ludwig Rank Otto Otto Rosenfeld Strasser Gregor and Strasser Otto Struve Otto Wagner Otto Warburg Otto Heinrich Wieland Heinrich Otto

{i} male first name

given name, male

variant of attar

المصطلحات ذات الصلة

Otto cycle

the basic thermodynamic cycle of the normal four-stroke internal combustion engine - isentropic compression, constant-volume heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant-volume heat rejection

Otto prince von Bismarck

born April 1, 1815, Schönhausen, Altmark, Prussia died July 30, 1898, Friedrichsruh, near Hamburg Prussian statesman who founded the German Empire in 1871 and served as its chancellor for 19 years. Born into the Prussian landowning elite, Bismarck studied law and was elected to the Prussian Diet in 1849. In 1851 he was appointed Prussian representative to the federal Diet in Frankfurt. After serving as ambassador to Russia (1859-62) and France (1862), he became prime minister and foreign minister of Prussia (1862-71). When he took office, Prussia was widely considered the weakest of the five European powers, but under his leadership Prussia won a war against Denmark in 1864 (see Schleswig-Holstein Question), the Seven Weeks' War (1866), and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71). Through these wars he achieved his goal of political unification of a Prussian-dominated German Empire. Once the empire was established, he became its chancellor. The "Iron Chancellor" skillfully preserved the peace in Europe through alliances against France (see Three Emperors' League; Reinsurance Treaty; Triple Alliance). Domestically, he introduced administrative and economic reforms but sought to preserve the status quo, opposing the Social Democratic Party and the Catholic church (see Kulturkampf). When Bismarck left office in 1890, the map of Europe had been changed immeasurably. However, the German Empire, his greatest achievement, survived him by only 20 years because he had failed to create an internally unified people

Otto Deiters

{i} Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters (1834-1863), German anatomist who differentiated dendrites and axons

Otto Dix

born Dec. 2, 1891, Untermhaus, Thuringia, Ger. died July 25, 1969, Singen, Baden-Württemberg, W.Ger. German painter and printmaker. He studied at the academies of Düsseldorf and Dresden and experimented with Impressionism and Dada before arriving at Expressionism with a nightmarish personal vision of contemporary social reality, depicting the horrors of war and the depravities of a decadent society with great emotional effect. He was appointed professor at the Dresden Academy in 1926 and elected to the Prussian Academy in 1931. His antimilitary works aroused the wrath of the Nazi regime and he was dismissed from his academic posts in 1933. His later work was marked by religious mysticism. See also Neue Sachlichkeit

Otto Eduard Leopold prince von Bismarck

born April 1, 1815, Schönhausen, Altmark, Prussia died July 30, 1898, Friedrichsruh, near Hamburg Prussian statesman who founded the German Empire in 1871 and served as its chancellor for 19 years. Born into the Prussian landowning elite, Bismarck studied law and was elected to the Prussian Diet in 1849. In 1851 he was appointed Prussian representative to the federal Diet in Frankfurt. After serving as ambassador to Russia (1859-62) and France (1862), he became prime minister and foreign minister of Prussia (1862-71). When he took office, Prussia was widely considered the weakest of the five European powers, but under his leadership Prussia won a war against Denmark in 1864 (see Schleswig-Holstein Question), the Seven Weeks' War (1866), and the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71). Through these wars he achieved his goal of political unification of a Prussian-dominated German Empire. Once the empire was established, he became its chancellor. The "Iron Chancellor" skillfully preserved the peace in Europe through alliances against France (see Three Emperors' League; Reinsurance Treaty; Triple Alliance). Domestically, he introduced administrative and economic reforms but sought to preserve the status quo, opposing the Social Democratic Party and the Catholic church (see Kulturkampf). When Bismarck left office in 1890, the map of Europe had been changed immeasurably. However, the German Empire, his greatest achievement, survived him by only 20 years because he had failed to create an internally unified people

Otto Everett Jr. Graham

born Dec. 6, 1921, Waukegan, Ill., U.S. U.S. gridiron football player and coach. He was a star tailback at Northwestern University, but he is best remembered as quarterback of the Cleveland Browns during a 10-year period (1946-55) in which they won 105 games, lost 17, and tied 5 in regular season play and won 7 of 10 championship games. Graham's career average yardage per pass (8.63) was not surpassed until the 1980s. His coaching career was mainly with the U.S. Coast Guard Academy (1959-66) and the Washington Redskins (1966-68)

Otto F.K. Deiters

{i} Otto Friedrich Karl Deiters (1834-1863), German anatomist who differentiated dendrites and axons

Otto Graham

born Dec. 6, 1921, Waukegan, Ill., U.S. U.S. gridiron football player and coach. He was a star tailback at Northwestern University, but he is best remembered as quarterback of the Cleveland Browns during a 10-year period (1946-55) in which they won 105 games, lost 17, and tied 5 in regular season play and won 7 of 10 championship games. Graham's career average yardage per pass (8.63) was not surpassed until the 1980s. His coaching career was mainly with the U.S. Coast Guard Academy (1959-66) and the Washington Redskins (1966-68)

Otto Hahn

born March 8, 1879, Frankfurt am Main, Ger. died July 28, 1968, Göttingen, W.Ger. German physical chemist. He worked at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry (1912-44), serving as director from 1928. With Lise Meitner he discovered several radioelements. In 1938, with Meitner and Fritz Strassmann (1902-80), he found the first chemical evidence of nuclear-fission products, created when they bombarded uranium with neutrons. For his discovery of nuclear fission, Hahn was awarded a 1944 Nobel Prize. He became president of the Max Planck Society; a respected public figure, he spoke out strongly against further development of nuclear weapons. In 1966 he shared the Enrico Fermi Award with Meitner and Strassmann

Otto Heinrich Warburg

{i} (1883-1970) German physiologist and biochemist who won a Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1931

Otto Heinrich Warburg

born Oct. 8, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Ger. died Aug. 1, 1970, West Berlin, W.Ger. German biochemist. In the 1920s, after earning doctorates in chemistry and medicine, he investigated the process by which oxygen is consumed in the cells of living organisms, introducing the technique of measuring changes in gas pressure for studying the rates at which slices of living tissue take up oxygen. His search for the cell components involved in oxygen consumption led to identification of the role of the cytochromes. He was awarded a 1931 Nobel Prize for his research. He was the first to observe that the growth of cancer cells requires much less oxygen than that of normal cells

Otto Jespersen

{i} Jens Otto Harry Jespersen (1860-1943), Danish linguist

Otto Jespersen

born July 16, 1860, Randers, Den. died April 30, 1943, Roskilde Danish linguist. He led a movement for basing foreign-language teaching on conversational speech rather than textbook study of grammar and vocabulary, helping to revolutionize language teaching in Europe. An authority on English grammar, Jespersen contributed greatly to the advancement of phonetics and linguistic theory. His many published works include Modern English Grammar, 7 vol. (1909-49), Language: Its Nature, Development, and Origin (1922), and The Philosophy of Grammar (1924). He originated Novial, an international language

Otto Klemperer

born May 14, 1885, Breslau, Ger. died July 6, 1973, Zürich, Switz. German conductor. After studying composition with Hans Pfitzner (1869-1949), in 1905 he met Gustav Mahler, who recommended him for several positions, including chief conductor at the Hamburg Opera (1910). At the short-lived Kroll Opera (1927-31) he conducted the Berlin premieres of many important works by contemporary composers. In 1933 he fled Germany for the U.S., conducting in Los Angeles (1933-39) and studying with Arnold Schoenberg. A brain tumour in 1939 left him partly paralyzed. From the 1950s, though seated on the podium, he created a much-admired recorded legacy with London's Philharmonia Orchestra

Otto Kuusinen

v. born Oct. 4, 1881, Laukaa, Fin. died May 17, 1964, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R. Finnish-born Soviet politician. He joined the Social Democratic Party in Finland in 1905 and held various party posts. After Finland's short-lived socialist regime was overthrown in 1918, he fled to Russia, where he cofounded the Finnish Communist Party. He remained in exile to become secretary of the Comintern. In the Soviet-Finnish "Winter War" (1939-40) he was head of the pro-Soviet puppet Finnish government, and he later became president of the supreme soviet of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-56). He was secretary of the Russian Communist Party's Central Committee (1946-53, 1957-64)

Otto Liman von Sanders

born Feb. 17, 1855, Stolp, Pomerania died Aug. 22, 1929, Munich, Ger. German general. He entered the German army in 1874 and rose to lieutenant general. He reorganized the Turkish army and made it an effective fighting force in World War I. In command of the Turkish army at Gallipoli, he and the Turkish commanders forced the Allies to end the Dardanelles Campaign and prevented the seizure of Constantinople

Otto Ludwig Preminger

born Dec. 5, 1906, Vienna, Austria died April 23, 1986, New York, N.Y., U.S. Austrian-born U.S. film director. While studying law in his native Vienna, he worked with Max Reinhardt's theatre and soon became its director. In 1935 he went to the U.S. to direct Libel on Broadway. Invited to Hollywood, he made the successful thriller Laura (1944), which helped establish film noir. Forming his own production company, he defied Hollywood's Production Code with a series of controversial films and brought about the relaxation of censorship regulations. His landmark films include The Moon Is Blue (1953); the all-African American Carmen Jones (1954); and The Man with the Golden Arm (1955), a tale of drug addiction. His later films include Anatomy of a Murder (1959), Exodus (1960), The Cardinal (1963), and Hurry Sundown (1967). He also worked as a character actor, most notably in Billy Wilder's Stalag 17 (1953)

Otto Meyerhof

born April 12, 1884, Hanover, Ger. died Oct. 6, 1951, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S. German biochemist. His work on glycolysis remains a basic contribution to the understanding of muscle action, despite the need for later revision. He shared with Archibald V. Hill (1886-1977) a 1922 Nobel Prize for his research on metabolism in muscle. His chief published work was The Chemical Dynamics of Life Phenomena (1924)

Otto Preminger

born Dec. 5, 1906, Vienna, Austria died April 23, 1986, New York, N.Y., U.S. Austrian-born U.S. film director. While studying law in his native Vienna, he worked with Max Reinhardt's theatre and soon became its director. In 1935 he went to the U.S. to direct Libel on Broadway. Invited to Hollywood, he made the successful thriller Laura (1944), which helped establish film noir. Forming his own production company, he defied Hollywood's Production Code with a series of controversial films and brought about the relaxation of censorship regulations. His landmark films include The Moon Is Blue (1953); the all-African American Carmen Jones (1954); and The Man with the Golden Arm (1955), a tale of drug addiction. His later films include Anatomy of a Murder (1959), Exodus (1960), The Cardinal (1963), and Hurry Sundown (1967). He also worked as a character actor, most notably in Billy Wilder's Stalag 17 (1953)

Otto Rank

orig. Otto Rosenfeld born April 22, 1884, Vienna, Austria died Oct. 31, 1939, New York, N.Y., U.S. Austrian psychologist. A protégé of Sigmund Freud, Rank's early books, including The Artist (1907) and The Myth of the Birth of the Hero (1909), extended psychoanalytic theory to explain the significance of myths. He edited the International Journal of Psychoanalysis (1912-24). The publication of The Trauma of Birth (1924), which was seen to undermine the principles of psychoanalysis by arguing that the basis of anxiety neurosis is psychological trauma occurring during birth, led to his expulsion from the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Rank settled in New York City in 1936, and his later work focused on the will as the guiding force in personality development

Otto Stader

{i} (1894-1962) American veterinarian, inventor of a method for splicing bones using steel pins

Otto Struve

born Aug. 12, 1897, Kharkov, Ukraine, Russian Empire died April 6, 1963, Berkeley, Calif., U.S. Russian-born U.S. astronomer. The great-grandson of Friedrich G.W. von Struve, he suspended his studies to serve in the Russian army in World War I before immigrating to the U.S. On the staff of Yerkes Observatory, he made important contributions to stellar spectroscopy and astrophysics, notably the discovery of the widespread distribution of hydrogen and other elements in space. He served as director of Yerkes (beginning 1932) and later of McDonald Observatory in Texas, which he organized. He later taught at the University of Chicago (beginning 1947) and UC-Berkeley, and he directed the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, W.V. (1959-62). A prolific writer, he published about 700 papers and several books

Otto Vilhelm Kuusinen

v. born Oct. 4, 1881, Laukaa, Fin. died May 17, 1964, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R. Finnish-born Soviet politician. He joined the Social Democratic Party in Finland in 1905 and held various party posts. After Finland's short-lived socialist regime was overthrown in 1918, he fled to Russia, where he cofounded the Finnish Communist Party. He remained in exile to become secretary of the Comintern. In the Soviet-Finnish "Winter War" (1939-40) he was head of the pro-Soviet puppet Finnish government, and he later became president of the supreme soviet of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (1940-56). He was secretary of the Russian Communist Party's Central Committee (1946-53, 1957-64)

Otto Wagner

born July 13, 1841, Penzing, near Vienna, Austrian Empire died April 11, 1918, Vienna Austrian architect and teacher. In 1893 his general plan (not executed) for Vienna won a major competition, and in 1894 he was appointed professor at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste. As a teacher, Wagner soon broke with tradition by insisting on function, material, and structure as the bases of architectural design. Among his notable buildings, all in the Art Nouveau style, are a number of stations for the City Railway of Vienna (1894-97) and the Postal Savings Bank (1904-06). The latter, which had little decoration, is recognized as a milestone in the history of modern architecture, particularly for the curving glass roof of its central hall. Wagner's lectures were published in 1895 as Moderne Architektur

Otto Warburg

born Oct. 8, 1883, Freiburg im Breisgau, Ger. died Aug. 1, 1970, West Berlin, W.Ger. German biochemist. In the 1920s, after earning doctorates in chemistry and medicine, he investigated the process by which oxygen is consumed in the cells of living organisms, introducing the technique of measuring changes in gas pressure for studying the rates at which slices of living tissue take up oxygen. His search for the cell components involved in oxygen consumption led to identification of the role of the cytochromes. He was awarded a 1931 Nobel Prize for his research. He was the first to observe that the growth of cancer cells requires much less oxygen than that of normal cells

Otto von Bismarck

a German politician who was mainly responsible for joining all the separate German states together to form one country, and who then became chancellor of Germany (1815-98)

Otto von Bismarck

{i} (1815-1898) German statesman, creator of the German empire and its first chancellor, known as the "Iron Chancellor

otto cycle

A four- stroke cycle for internal-combustion engines consisting of the following operations: First stroke, suction into cylinder of explosive charge, as of gas and air; second stroke, compression, ignition, and explosion of this charge; third stroke (the working stroke), expansion of the gases; fourth stroke, expulsion of the products of combustion from the cylinder

otto cycle

This is the cycle invented by Beau de Rochas in 1862 and applied by Dr

otto cycle

Otto in 1877 in the Otto-Crossley gas engine, the first commercially successful internal-combustion engine made

otto engine

An engine using the Otto cycle

otto i

king of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)

Cornelius Otto Jansen

born Oct. 28, 1585, Acquoi, near Leerdam, Holland died May 6, 1638, Ypres, Flanders, Spanish Neth. Flemish leader of the Roman Catholic reform movement known as Jansenism. He studied at the University of Louvain, where he absorbed the teachings of St. Augustine, especially those concerning original sin and the need for grace. He spent 1611-14 in Bayonne, France, where he directed the episcopal college. After studying theology three more years, he returned to Louvain. He became rector of the university in 1635 and a year later was appointed bishop of Ypres. In 1638 he died of the plague. His major work, the Augustinus, was published in 1640; in 1642 Pope Urban VIII forbade the reading of the book

Gregor; and Strasser Otto Strasser

born May 31, 1892, Geisenfeld, Ger. died June 30, 1934, Berlin born Sept. 10, 1897, Windsheim, Ger. died Aug. 27, 1974, Munich German politicians. The brothers joined the Nazi Party in the early 1920s. Gregor became the party's leader in the north and built a mass movement with the help of Otto and the young Joseph Goebbels, appealing to the lower middle classes and workers by advocating a socialism couched in nationalist and racist terminology. Otto resigned in 1930, disillusioned by Adolf Hitler's nonsocialist goals. Gregor became head of the Nazi political organization, second only to Hitler in power, but he came to share his brother's disillusionment and resigned in 1932. Gregor was murdered on Hitler's orders in 1934; Otto escaped into exile in Canada, then returned to Germany in 1955

Heinrich Otto Wieland

born June 4, 1877, Pforzheim, Ger. died Aug. 5, 1957, W.Ger. German chemist. He won a 1927 Nobel Prize for research on bile acids which showed that the three acids then isolated had similar structures and were also structurally related to cholesterol. He also found that different forms of nitrogen in organic compounds can be detected and distinguished from each other, an important contribution to structural organic chemistry. Wieland's theory that oxidation in living tissues occurs through removal of hydrogen atoms, not addition of oxygen (see oxidation-reduction), was of great importance to physiology, biochemistry, and medicine

Jens Otto Harry Jespersen

born July 16, 1860, Randers, Den. died April 30, 1943, Roskilde Danish linguist. He led a movement for basing foreign-language teaching on conversational speech rather than textbook study of grammar and vocabulary, helping to revolutionize language teaching in Europe. An authority on English grammar, Jespersen contributed greatly to the advancement of phonetics and linguistic theory. His many published works include Modern English Grammar, 7 vol. (1909-49), Language: Its Nature, Development, and Origin (1922), and The Philosophy of Grammar (1924). He originated Novial, an international language

Jens Otto Harry Jespersen

{i} Otto Jespersen (1860-1943), Danish linguist

Nikolaus August Otto

born June 10, 1832, Holzhausen, Nassau died Jan. 26, 1891, Cologne, Ger. German engineer who developed the four-stroke internal-combustion engine. He built his first gasoline-powered engine in 1861, and in 1876 he built an internal-combustion engine using the four-stroke cycle (four strokes of the piston for each explosion), which offered the first practical alternative to the steam engine as a power source. Though the four-stroke cycle was patented in 1862 by Alphonse Beau de Rochas (1815-93), it is commonly known as the Otto cycle since Otto was the first to build such an engine

Rudolf Otto

born Sept. 25, 1869, Peine, Prussia died March 6, 1937, Marburg, Ger. German theologian, philosopher, and historian of religion. He taught at the Universities of Göttingen and Breslau, then settled in Marburg in 1917. His theories on religion were influenced by his journeys to Africa and Asia to study non-Christian faiths and by the writings of Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Schleiermacher. In The Idea of the Holy (1917), Otto coined the term numinous to designate the nonrational element of religious experience the awe, fascination, and blissful exultation inspired by the perception of the divine. He believed that religion provided an understanding of the world that was distinct from and beyond that of science. His other books include Mysticism East and West (1926), India's Religion of Grace and Christianity (1930), and The Kingdom of God and Son of Man (1938)

التركية - الإنجليزية

تعريف otto في التركية الإنجليزية القاموس.

المصطلحات ذات الصلة

otto motoru

(Otomotiv) otto engine

otto çevrimi

otto cycle

الواصلة

Ot·to

التركية النطق

ätō

النطق

/ˈäˌtō/ /ˈɑːˌtoʊ/

علم أصول الكلمات

() From German Otto, short form of compound names beginning with Germanic od-,ot- "wealth, riches" (cognate of English Ed-).