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(Havacılık) encapsulation

Grouping together an object’s ‘state’ (its data) and the operations that may alter or interrogate it (its methods).THE BOOK OF RUBY by HUW COLLINGBOURNE. Copyright © 2009 Huw Collingbourne, ‘Encapsulation’ or ‘Information Hiding’?, p. 140

Encapsulation describes the ability of an object to hide its data and methods from the rest of the world - one of the fundamental principles of OOP (Object Oriented Programming)

The localization of knowledge within a module Because objects encapsulate data and implementation, the user of an object can view the object as a black box that provides services Instance variables and methods can be added, deleted, or changed, but as long as the services provided by the object remain the same, code that uses the object can continue to use it without being rewritten

The act of inclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to inclose it in a capsule

The idea that we can create a set of procedures (methods and properties) that form an interface Other code can be written to use these methods without knowledge of the code written within them This code is called an implementation The implementation is encapsulated within the interface

You might know this under the name of "information hiding" The idea is that data belonging to an object is under the control of the methods (also known as functions) of that object, and may not be accessed in any way other than by those methods The implementation details of the methods are not generally known What is generally known is what each method does, and the prototype for each method So the developer using a method knows what parameters to pass to it, and what sort of result will be returned, and any side-effects that it may have The developer does not know, and does not need to know, how the method achieves its purpose The data belonging to each object is only accessible by using these methods - hence it is "encapsulated"

A form of protective enclosure for paper and other flat objects It involves placing the item between two sheets (or one folded sheet) of clear plastic film (usually polyester), that are subsequently sealed with adhesive tape or by heat welding or sewing around the edges The object is thus physically supported and protected from the atmosphere, although it may continue to deteriorate within the package A sheet of buffered paper or board is sometimes included The object can simply be removed by cutting one or more edges of the plastic film

  In open systems, the technique used by layered protocols in which a lower layer protocol accepts a message from a higher layer protocol and places it in the data portion of a frame in the lower layer

The technique used by layered protocols in which a layer adds header information to the protocol data unit (PDU) from the layer above As an example, in Internet terminology, a packet would contain a header from the physical layer, followed by a header from the network layer (IP), followed by a header from the transport layer (TCP), followed by the application protocol data

The act of enclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to enclose it in a capsule

A process by which an interface device places an end device's protocol-specific frames inside a frame relay frame The network accepts only frames formatted specifically for frame relay; hence, interface devices acting as interfaces to an frame relay network must perform encapsulation See also Interface device or Frame-Relay-Capable Interface Device

The result of hiding a representation and implementation in an object The representation is not visible and cannot be accessed directly from outside the object Operations are the only way to access and modify an object's representation [Gamma+ 95]

[M206] The internal structure of an object is available to the object itself, but it is not available to any other object For example, an object cannot directly reference the instance variables of another object Objects are said to be encapsulated, responding only to messages in their protocol [P&S] Encapsulation is when a client of a module isn't able to know more than is in the interface

Or micro-encapsulation: the encapsulation of a pesticide in a non-volatile envelope of gelatine, polyvinyl or other material, usually of minute size, for controlled release of the chemical to extend the period of diffusion

This is also referred to as Time Engineering In this remediation technique, all dates are set back by 28 years, or a multiple of 28, because every 28 years the calendar repeats itself and the days of the week and the calendar dates would be in correct synchronization

In object-oriented programming, encapsulation is the inclusion within a separate file of all the resources needed for the object to function as a class

This is the scheme used for defining objects in object-oriented approach Encapsulation hides detailed internal specification of an object, and publishes only its external interfaces Thus, users of an object only need to adhere to these interfaces By encapsulation, the internal data and methods of an object can be changed without changing the way of how to use the object

Information hiding within an abstraction that is supported by features of a programming language, so that the information hiding is guaranteed to be complete

The technique used by layered protocols in which a layer adds header information to the protocol data unit (PDU) from the layer above For example, a packet contains a header from the physical layer, followed by a header from the network layer (IP), followed by a header from the transport layer (TCP), followed by the application protocol data

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