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(Sosyoloji, Toplumbilim) counterfactual
A conditional statement in which the conditional clause is false, as "If I had arrived on time . . ."."" in A Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names © 1997-2002 Garth Kemerling.Random House Webster's Unabridged Electronic Dictionary, 1987-1996

In recent years there has been increasing discussion of the problem of counterfactuals. One way of formulating this problem is as follows: What is meant when one asserts a conditional statement, the antecedent of which is contrary to fact?.

A claim, hypothesis, or other belief that is contrary to the facts
(noun) a counterfactual conditional statement (e.g. If kangaroos had no tails, they would topple over)
(adjective) relating to or expressing what has not happened or is not the case
In economics, a "what if?" analysis Used to think about how an economy might have been different if one or more underlying conditions had been different
Represents what is expected to happen (business-as-usual scenario) without the implementation of a climate change mitigation project
Counterfactual" means "contrary-to-(actual)-fact" One of the most common devices philosophers use to try to discover persons' dispositions to use a certain term, x, is to ask questions of the sort, "What would you say if such-and-such were (counterfactually) to be so-and-so? Would you describe it as being x?" For many philosophical purposes, "counterfactually" and "in another (i e non-actual) possible world" may be used interchangeably (See section 6 4, pp 108ff )
{i} statement which expresses what could or would happen under different circumstances
The situation or condition as it hypothetically would be for individuals, organizations, or groups were there no development intervention Used in the ADR
going counter to the facts (usually as a hypothesis)
contrary to the facts; untrue
A conditional statement whose antecedent is known (or, at least, believed) to be contrary to fact Thus, for example, "If George W Bush had been born in Idaho, then he would never have become President " Unlike material implications, counterfactuals are not made true by the falsity of their antecedents Although they are not truth-functional statements, counterfactuals may be significant for the analysis of scientific hypotheses Recommended Reading: Igal Kvart, A Theory of Counterfactuals (Ridgeview, 1986) {at Amazon com} and David K Lewis, Counterfactuals (Blackwell, 2000) {at Amazon com} Also see SEP, OCP, OCDL, and noesis
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