kamu kesimi tahvilleri

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التركية - الإنجليزية
(Ticaret) public goods
- goods that may be enjoyed by any number of people without affecting other peoples' enjoyment For example, an aesthetic view is a pure public good No matter how many people enjoy the view, others can also enjoy it
Public goods are goods that would not be provided in a pure free-market system This is because they are goods that display two particular characteristics: Non-rivalry - consumption by one person does not reduce the amount available for others Non-excludability - once the good is provided it is impossible to stop people consuming it even if they haven't paid An example of this is defence It is impossible to charge people for defence as they consume it as the whole country is being defended at once Also one person being defended does not stop others being defended
"Public goods" are goods or services that cannot be withheld from customers who refuse to pay for them (nonexclusion), where the consumption of products or services by one person does not reduce its usefulness to others Examples include national defense, street lighting, flood control, public safety, and fire protection in a crowded neighborhood See also "private goods "
A good which can only be supplied to all if it is supplied to one and the availability of which is not diminished by any one consumer's use of it
benefit that can be enjoyed by other people, even if they did not pay for the benefit There is no way to exclude someone from benefitting from a public good
These are a type of common resource with a special feature, namely the impossibility of dividing the resource up into separate parts The obvious example is air Not only is the air not formally owned, but it cannot be partitioned The air you breathe is the same air I breathe (Jacobs, M 1993)
Goods characterized by very low levels of subtractibility and excludability, by contrast with Private goods above Low subtractability implies that a good is available to all consumers at the same time, and consumption by one consumer does not use up or reduce the supply available for another consumer Low excludability implies that if a good is provided to a consumer in a defined region then other consumers in that region cannot be easily excluded from consuming the same good An example of a pure public good is national security, which is available to all citizens of a country simultaneously Several other goods are quasi-public, having low levels of subtractibility and excludability Public goods are generally provided under public ownership, although several can be provided, through contract and regulation, under private ownership
kamu kesimi tahvilleri
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