تعريف edward c tolman في الإنجليزية الإنجليزية القاموس.
born April 14, 1886, West Newton, Mass., U.S. died Nov. 19, 1959, Berkeley, Calif. U.S. psychologist. He taught at the University of California at Berkeley (1918-54). Although he was a behaviourist, he considered classical behaviourism too reductive, and he therefore emphasized behavioral wholes and unmeasurable "intervening variables" over a strict focus on isolated reflexes. He also advanced the concept of "latent learning" (implicit, indirect learning). His major work was Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men (1932)