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permafrost

Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof

Nevertheless, the water molecule is present, as ice, in a solid form in frozen soils or permafrosts, which cover large regions characterised by a polar climate.

Any rock or soil material that has remained below 32½F continuously for two or more years

Permanently frozen ground; generally refers to a layer at some depth below the soil surface Persists over at least two consecutive winters and the intervening summer A layer above it, which thaws in summer, is the active layer

a layer of soil at varying depths below the surface in which the temperature has remained below freezing continuously from a few to several thousands of years

permanently frozen ground

Soil or other earth material with a temperature that remains below 32 degrees Fahrenheit for two or more years

a soil layer below the surface of tundra regions that remains frozen permanently

Subsoil which remains below freezing point throughout the year, as in polar regions

Ground that has a temperature of below 0°C for more than two years The ground may or may not contain ice The Mackenzie Delta is located within the Continuous Permafrost Zone However, permafrost often does not occur below the channels or lakes in the delta

Perennially frozen ground that occurs wherever the temperature remains below 0° C for several years (Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, 1990)

Permafrost is land that is permanently frozen to a great depth. a layer of soil that is always frozen in countries where it is very cold (permanent + frost). Perennially frozen earth, with a temperature below 32 °F (0 °C) continuously for two years or more. Permafrost is estimated to underlie 20% of the Earth's land surface and reaches depths of 5,000 ft (1,500 m) in northern Siberia. It occurs in 85% of Alaska, more than half of Russia and Canada, and probably all of Antarctica. Permafrost has a significant effect on plant and animal life, and it presents special problems in engineering projects. All land use in permafrost environments must take into account the terrain's special sensitivity; if the delicate natural balance is not maintained, extensive degradation and ecological damage may result

A permanently frozen layer of soil that underlies the arctic tundra

Permanently-frozen subsoil

A permanently frozen layer at variable depth below the surface in frigid regions of a planet (as Earth)

Zone of permanently frozen water found in high latitude soils and sediments

Permanently frozen regolith, ranging in thickness from 30 centimeters to over 1000 meters

Subsoil that remains frozen year round

Layer of permanently frozen water ice believed to lie just under the surface of Mars

Permanently frozen rock and soil that is widespread in the Arctic north of 50°N latitude; permafrost is either continuous or discontinuous See also continuous permafrost; discontinuous permafrost

Soil conditions prevailing in area whose mean annual temperature is 0o C

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