تعريف consumer's surplus في الإنجليزية الإنجليزية القاموس.
In economics, the difference between the total amount consumers would be willing to pay to consume the quantity of goods transacted on the market and the amount they actually have to pay for those goods. The former is generally interpreted as the monetary value of consumer satisfaction. The concept was developed in 1844 by the French civil engineer Arsène-Jules-Étienne-Juvénal Dupuit (1804-1866) and popularized by Alfred Marshall. Though economists adopted a nonquantifiable approach to consumer satisfaction in the 20th century, the concept is used extensively in the fields of welfare economics and taxation
Consumer surplus or Consumer's surplus (or in the plural Consumers' surplus) is the difference between the price consumers are willing to pay (or reservation price) and the actual price. If someone is willing to pay more than the actual price, their benefit in a transaction is how much they saved when they didn't pay that price. For example, a person is willing to pay a tremendous amount for water since he needs it to survive, however since there are competing suppliers of water he is able to purchase it for less than he is willing to pay. The difference between the two prices is the consumer surplus
A measure of the benefits to consumers from the consumption of a good or service Defined as the area below the demand curve up to the total quantity consumed, minus total expenditures on the good or service
net economic value from consumption or use of a good or service It is the difference between the maximum that a person is willing to pay for the good or service rather than do without it, and what he/she actually spends The adjective, "consumer" is misleading because this category of value also applies to non-consumptive uses (e g , observing salmon runs) and to non-use benefits (e g , protecting marine mammals from exploitation)
The difference between the maximum price a consumer is willing to pay (i e the value he/she attaches to a good) and the price he/she actually has to pay
the difference between the value a consumer places on all units consumed and the payments needed to be made to actually purchase that commodity It is represented by the by the area under the demand curve and above the price line
(Hackett, 1998, chapter 3) When a buyer's willingness to pay value exceeds the price the buyer had to pay, that difference is known as consumer surplus
The net benefit realized by consumers when they are able to buy a good at the prevailing market price It is equivalent to the difference between the maximum amount consumers would be willing to pay and the amount they actually do pay for the units of the good purchased Graphically it is the triangle above the market price and below the demand curve
-the difference between the price actually paid for a good, and the maximum amount that an individual is willing to pay for it Thus, if a person is willing to pay up to $3 for something, but the market price is $1, then the consumer surplus for that item is $2 This measure approximates, and is bounded by, the more technically precise measures of economic benefit: compensating variation or equivalent variation
the difference between what a person is willing to pay for an additional unit of a good the marginal benefit and the market price of the good For the market as a whole, it is the sum of all the individual consumer surpluses, or the area below the market demand curve and above the market price (chapter 5)
The value of a commodity, good, or opportunity above the cost to the consumer; measured using willingness to pay, as specified in Federal guidelines for water resources planning
Savings to existing consumers arising from the difference between what they are willing to pay for an output and what they will be charged with the project Consumer surplus can arise when expanded supply is associated with a fall in price It can also arise when the output price is regulated by government and set below the demand price