الواصلة
cha·grinالتركية النطق
şıgrînالمترادفات
disquiet,
fretfulness,
mortification,
peevishness,
vexation,
annoyance,
balk,
blow,
crushing,
discomfiture,
discomposure,
disgruntlement,
dismay,
dissatisfaction,
embarrassmentالنطق
/sʜəˈgrən/ /ʃəˈɡrɪn/
علم أصول الكلمات
() From French chagrin (“sorrow”). Prior to that, the etymology is unclear, with several theories – of Germanic or possibly Turkish origin. From dialectical French chagraigner (“to be gloomy, distress”) from chat (“cat”) + Old French graim (“sorrow, gloom; sorrowful, gloomy”) from Frankish gram, a loan translation of German Katzenjammer (“drunken hang-over”), from Katzen (“cats”) + Jammer (“distress, sorrow, lament”). Akin to German Gram“” in the Online Etymology Dictionary, Douglas Harper, 2001, Old Norse gramr (“wroth”) ( > Danish gram), Old English grama (“anger”), grim (“grim, gloomy”) (Modern English grim). Another theory derives French chagrin from the verb chagriner, in its turn from Old French grigner, which is of Germanic origin and cognate to English grin.Le Robert pour tous, Dictionnaire de la langue française, Janvier 2004, p. 169, chagrin and chagriner. More at cat, grim, grimace, grin, yammer. The OED 2nd Edition states that the original meaning of chagrin was a “rough skin” (now preserved in the word shagreen) used to polish things, and that in French the word “became by metaphor the expression for gnawing trouble.” However, other sources derive shagreen (and chagrin in the sense of “rough skin”) from Turkish sağrı, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2008.“” in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Online."shagreen", Webster's New World College Dictionary 2010 and it is unclear if there was influence between an existing French word and a Turkish loan.