architecture

تعريف architecture في الإنجليزية الإنجليزية القاموس.: The profession of an architect; Any particular style of building design; A specific model of a microchip or CPU
The Intel architectures have more software written for them.; A unifying structure; The art and science of designing buildings and other structures
The architecture throughout NYC is amazing.; The structure and design of a system or product
The architecture of the company's billing system is designed to support its business goals.; {n} the science or act of building; How system components are designed, connected to and operate with one another Architecture determines the ability of a network to manage voice, video, data and text Descriptions of architecture include the ability of the system to carry narrow, medium and broadband signals; The kind of computer you're working on, where one "kind" of computer means all those computers that can run the same binary program Since Perl scripts are text files, not binaries, a Perl script is much less sensitive to the architecture it's running on than programs in other languages (such as C) that are compiled into machine code See also operating system; The art or science of building; especially, the art of building houses, churches, bridges, and other structures, for the purposes of civil life; often called civil architecture; Construction, in a more general sense; frame or structure; workmanship; The software architecture of a program or computing system is the structure or structures of the system, which comprise software components, the externally visible properties of those components, and the relationships among them [Soft Arch Pract]A software architecture is an abstraction of the run-time elements of a software system during some phase of its operation A system may be composed of many levels of abstraction and many phases of operation, each with its own software architecture [RoyFieldingThesis]; A design The term architecture can refer to either hardware or software, or to a combination of hardware and software The architecture of a system always defines its broad outlines, and may define precise mechanisms as well An open architecture allows the system to be connected easily to devices and programs made by other manufacturers Open architectures use off-the-shelf components and conform to approved standards A system with a closed architecture, on the other hand, is one whose design is proprietary, making it difficult to connect the system to other systems; the profession of designing buildings and environments with consideration for their esthetic effect an architectural product or work the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings; "architecture and eloquence are mixed arts whose end is sometimes beauty and sometimes use; (computer science) the structure and organization of a computer's hardware or system software; "the architecture of a computer's system software"; Refers to the design of a computer Terms such as ISA, EIDE, and PCI Local Bus are architecture standards that insure "off-the-shelf" components will work with your computer See "Open Architecture "; A general term referring to the structure of all or part of a computer system Architecture also refers to the design of operating system software, such as components of the operating system Architecture can also refer to the combination of hardware and basic software that links machines on a network; an architectural product or work; The structure of specific components (such as hardware and database platforms) and the way they interact, to form a computer system; – The outline design of a system, identifying the major components and their functionalities – can be applied to applications, systems and networks; A general term referring to the structure of a computer system Usually, this includes all hardware and basic software components required to make the computer functional; The highest level concept of a system in its environment [IEEE] The architecture of a software system (at a given point in time) is its organization or structure of significant components interacting through interfaces, those components being composed of successively smaller components and interfaces; Design; the way components fit together May be conceived of any complex system such as "software architecture" or "network architecture" [Free On-line Dictionary of Computing] An IT architecture is a design for the arrangement and interoperation of technical components that together provide an organization its information and communication infrastructure See component and enterprise; (n ) The basic plan along which a computer has been constructed Popular parallel architectures include processor arrays, bus-based multiprocessors (with caches of various sizes and structures) and disjoint memory multicomputers See also Flynn's taxonomy It may also be used of any complex system, e g "software architecture", "network architecture"; Refers to the way a system is designed and how the components are connected with each other There are computer architectures, network architectures, and software architectures; Architecture is the art of planning, designing, and constructing buildings. He studied classical architecture and design in Rome; The structure of all or part of a computer system Also refers to the design of system software; Design, or the way components fit together It can be used to describe any system, as in "software architecture" or "network architecture"; The overall design and construction of all or part of a computer, particularly the processor hardware an the size and ordering sequence of its bytes Also used to describe the overall design of software; The design of the hardware components of a computer system, and the ways in which these components interact to produce the complete machine For a concurrent processor, the architecture includes both the topology of the machine as a whole and the detailed design of each node; {i} science of designing and building structures; layout, formation, arrangement; building style or method; design of a computer and its components (Computers); the profession of designing buildings and environments with consideration for their esthetic effect; The design for organization and integration of components within a computer or computer system; The basic design of a system Determines how the components work together, system capacity, upgradeability, and the ability to integrate with other systems; A description of all functional activities to be performed to achieve the desired mission, the system elements needed to perform the functions, and the designation of performance levels of those system elements An architecture also includes information on the technologies, interfaces, and location of functions and is considered an evolving description of an approach to achieving a desired mission [SRV]; The manner in which a system (network, hardware and software) is structured Architecture usually describes how the system is constructed, how the components fit together, and the protocols and interfaces used to integrate these components It also defines the functions and description of data formats and procedures used for communication between nodes and workstations; The architecture of a building is the style in which it is designed and constructed. a fine example of Moroccan architecture; The manner in which a system (infrastructure, hardware and software) is designed Architecture usually describes how the system is constructed, how the components fit together, and the protocols and interfaces used to integrate these components It also defines the functions and description of data formats and procedures used for communication between nodes and workstations; the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings; "architecture and eloquence are mixed arts whose end is sometimes beauty and sometimes use"; The structure of a system's components and connectors, their interrelationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time; (n ) The specific components of a computer system and the way they interact with one another; A term applied to both the process and the outcome of thinking out and specifying the overall structure, logical components, and the logical interrelationships of a computer, its operating system, a network, or other conception; The architecture of something is its structure. the crumbling intellectual architecture of modern society. Art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. The practice of architecture emphasizes spatial relationships, orientation, the support of activities to be carried out within a designed environment, and the arrangement and visual rhythm of structural elements, as opposed to the design of structural systems themselves (see civil engineering). Appropriateness, uniqueness, a sensitive and innovative response to functional requirements, and a sense of place within its surrounding physical and social context distinguish a built environment as representative of a culture's architecture. See also building construction. Baroque architecture Byzantine architecture Classical architecture client server architecture computer architecture Egyptian architecture Gothic architecture Mughal architecture Neoclassical architecture Pritzker Architecture Prize Renaissance architecture Romanesque architecture vernacular architecture
Architecture Magazine: monthly American magazine devoted to the aesthetics of architecture and current issues related to architecture
Cyclopean architecture: Ancient masonry where walls are fitted together of huge irregular stones; architecture that is ancient and roughly composed
architecturally: regarding architecture
architecturally: in an architectural manner
computer architecture: The conceptual structure around which a given computer is designed
computer architecture: The science of computer design
computer-architecture: Attributive form of computer architecture
computer-architecture expert.
enterprise architecture: the disposition and interrelationship of all the management, information and computing systems within an organization
enterprise architecture model: The set of diagrams and metadata which fully defines and describes an enterprise architecture
origamic architecture: The three-dimensional reproduction of architecture, geometric patterns, and everyday objects, on various scales, using cut-out and folded paper, usually thin cardboard
service-oriented architecture: (Bilgisayar) Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural design pattern that concerns itself with defining loosely-coupled relationships between producers and consumers. While it has no direct relationship with software, programming, or technology, it's often confused with an evolution of distributed computing and modular programming
Bachelor of Architecture: graduate with a bachelor's degree in the field of architecture, B.A
Baroque architecture: Architectural style originating in late 16th-century Italy and lasting in some regions, notably Germany and colonial South America, until the 18th century. It had its origins in the Counter-Reformation, when the Catholic Church launched an overtly emotional and sensory appeal to the faithful through art and architecture. Complex architectural plan shapes, often based on the oval, and the dynamic opposition and interpenetration of spaces were favoured to heighten the feeling of motion and sensuality. Other characteristic qualities include grandeur, drama and contrast (especially in lighting), curvaceousness, and an often dizzying array of rich surface treatments, twisting elements, and gilded statuary. Architects unabashedly applied bright colours and illusory, vividly painted ceilings. Outstanding practitioners in Italy included Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Carlo Maderno (1556-1629), Francesco Borromini, and Guarino Guarini (1624-83). Classical elements subdued Baroque architecture in France. In central Europe, the Baroque arrived late but flourished in the works of such architects as the Austrian Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (1656-1723). Its impact in Britain can be seen in the works of Christopher Wren. The late Baroque style is often referred to as Rococo or, in Spain and Spanish America, as Churrigueresque
Brand Architecture: (Reklam) How an organization structures and names the brands within its portfolio. There are three main types of brand architecture system: monolithic, where the corporate name is used on all products and services offered by the company; endorsed, where all sub-brands are linked to the corporate brand by means of either a verbal or visual endorsement; and freestanding, where the corporate brand operates merely as a holding company, and each product or service is individually branded for its target market
Byzantine architecture: Building style of Constantinople (now Istanbul, formerly ancient Byzantium) after AD 330. Byzantine architects were eclectic, at first drawing heavily on Roman temple features. Their combination of the basilica and symmetrical central-plan (circular or polygonal) religious structures resulted in the characteristic Byzantine Greek-cross-plan church, with a square central mass and four arms of equal length. The most distinctive feature was the domed roof. To allow a dome to rest above a square base, either of two devices was used: the squinch (an arch in each of the corners of a square base that transforms it into an octagon) or the pendentive. Byzantine structures featured soaring spaces and sumptuous decoration: marble columns and inlay, mosaics on the vaults, inlaid-stone pavements, and sometimes gold coffered ceilings. The architecture of Constantinople extended throughout the Christian East and in some places, notably Russia, remained in use after the fall of Constantinople (1453). See also Hagia Sophia
Classical architecture: Architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, especially from the 5th century BC in Greece to the 3rd century AD in Rome, that emphasized the column and pediment. Greek architecture was based chiefly on the post-and-beam system, with columns carrying the load. Timber construction was superseded by construction in marble and stone. The column, a unit human in scale, was used as a module for all of a temple's proportions. The Doric order, probably the earliest, remained the favorite of the Greek mainland and western colonies. The Ionic order developed in eastern Greece; on the mainland, it was used chiefly for smaller temples and interiors. The greatest Greek architectural achievement was the Athens acropolis. By the late 5th century BC, the orders were applied to such structures as stoas and theaters. The Hellenistic Age produced more elaborate and richly decorated architecture, with often colossal buildings. Many of the great buildings were secular rather than religious, and the Ionic and especially the newer Corinthian orders were widely used. The Romans used the Greek orders and added two new ones (Tuscan and Composite); the Corinthian was by far the most popular. Roman architects used columns not only as functional bearing elements, but also as applied (engaged) decoration. Though rigidly adhering to symmetry, the Romans used a variety of spatial forms. Whereas Greek temples were isolated and almost always faced east-west, Roman temples were oriented with respect to other buildings. Roman columns carried arches as well as entablatures, permitting greater spatial freedom. The discovery of concrete enormously facilitated construction using the arch, vault, and dome, as in the Pantheon. Other public buildings included basilicas, baths (see thermae), amphitheaters, and triumphal arches. Classical architecture may also refer to architecture of later periods that employs Greek or Roman forms
Common Object Request Broker Architecture: (Internet) (Internet) standard for software interoperability (set of common, object-oriented interfaces that can communicate on various platforms), CORBA
Distributed Internet Applications Architecture: group of technologies developed by Microsoft and used to build applications that can run on the Internet, DNA (Computers)
Egyptian architecture: Houses, palaces, temples, tombs, and other buildings of ancient Egypt. Most Egyptian towns were situated on the floodplain of the Nile and have been lost, but religious structures built on higher ground have survived in many forms. Tomb architecture was often grandiose. The tomb was not simply a place to lay a corpse, but the home of the deceased, provided with goods to ensure continued existence after death. Wood and bricks made of mud were the standard domestic building materials, but, from the Old Kingdom ( 2575- 2130 BC) on, stone was used for tombs and temples. Egyptian masons used stone to reproduce the forms of wood and brick buildings. Mastabas and step pyramids were used for tomb superstructures, but the most characteristic form of the Old Kingdom was the true pyramid. The finest example is the monumental Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) at Giza. Simple chapel rooms with stelae (see stele) for burying commoners were located some distance from the royal burial compounds. In the New Kingdom (1539-1075 BC), royal tombs were cut into the face of cliffs to discourage looting; elaborate complexes of tombs and mortuary temples were built in the Valley of the Kings at Thebes. Two principal types of temple can be distinguished: cult temples for worship of the gods and funerary, or mortuary, temples. Most notable were the great stone cult temples; imposing remains can be seen at Luxor, Karnak, Abydos, and Abu Simbel
Extended Industry Standard Architecture: type of extended bus, EISA
Gothic architecture: Architectural style in Europe that lasted from the mid 12th century to the 16th century, particularly a style of masonry building characterized by cavernous spaces with the expanse of walls broken up by overlaid tracery. In the 12th-13th centuries, feats of engineering permitted increasingly gigantic buildings. The rib vault, flying buttress, and pointed (Gothic) arch were used as solutions to the problem of building a very tall structure while preserving as much natural light as possible. Stained-glass window panels rendered startling sun-dappled interior effects. One of the earliest buildings to combine these elements into a coherent style was the abbey of Saint-Denis, Paris ( 1135-44). The High Gothic years ( 1250-1300), heralded by Chartres Cathedral, were dominated by France, especially with the development of the Rayonnant style. Britain, Germany, and Spain produced variations of this style, while Italian Gothic stood apart in its use of brick and marble rather than stone. Late Gothic (15th-century) architecture reached its height in Germany's vaulted hall churches. Other late Gothic styles include the British Perpendicular style and the French and Spanish Flamboyant style
Insurance Application Architecture: (Computers) model developed by IBM for the insurance industry (helps insurance companies integrate information technology into their businesses), IAA
Internet Architecture Board: Internet technical advisory committee concerned with network planning and engineering (protocols, appointments to committees, requests for comments, etc.), IAB
Micro Channel Architecture: data channel architecture of IBM, standard for data transfer between expansion cards and the motherboard
Mughal architecture: Building style that flourished in India under the Mughal emperors from the mid16th to the late 17th century. The Mughal period marked a striking revival of Islamic architecture in northern India, where Persian, Indian, and various provincial styles were fused to produce works of great refinement. White marble and red sandstone were favoured materials. Most of the early Mughal buildings used arches only sparingly, relying on post-and-beam construction. The use of the double dome, a recessed archway inside a rectangular fronton (arena), and parklike surroundings are typical of the Shah Jahan period (1628-58), when Mughal design reached its zenith. Symmetry and balance between the parts of a building were stressed, as was delicate ornamental detail. Important Mughal undertakings include the Taj Mahal and the palace-fortress at Delhi (begun 1638)
Neoclassical architecture: Revival of Classical architecture during the 18th and early 19th centuries. The movement concerned itself with the logic of entire Classical volumes, unlike Classical revivalism (see Greek Revival), which tended to reuse Classical parts. Neoclassical architecture is characterized by grandeur of scale; simplicity of geometric forms; Greek, especially Doric (see order), or Roman detail; dramatic use of columns; and a preference for blank walls. The new taste for antique simplicity represented a general reaction to the excesses of the Rococo style. Neoclassicism thrived in the U.S. and Europe, with examples occurring in almost every major city. Russia's Catherine II transformed St. Petersburg into an unparalleled collection of Neoclassical buildings as advanced as any contemporary French and English work. By 1800 nearly all new British architecture reflected the Neoclassical spirit (see Robert Adam; John Soane). France's boldest innovator was Claude-Nicolas Ledoux, who had a central role in the evolution of Neoclassical architecture. In the U.S. Neoclassicism continued to flourish throughout the 19th century, as many architects looked to make the analogy between the young country and imperial Rome when designing major government buildings. The style also spread to colonial Latin America
Pritzker Architecture Prize: World's most prestigious honour in the field of architecture. Established through the philanthropic efforts of the Pritzkers, a prominent Chicago business family, the prize, first awarded in 1979, bestows an annual award of $100,000 on an architect whose built contributions to the field and to society are judged worthiest. The international jury has included architects, artists, historians, academicians, critics, and business executives
Renaissance architecture: Style of architecture, reflecting the rebirth of Classical culture, that originated in Florence in the early 15th century and spread throughout Europe, replacing the medieval Gothic style. There was a revival of ancient Roman forms, including the column and round arch, the tunnel vault, and the dome. The basic design element was the order. Knowledge of Classical architecture came from the ruins of ancient buildings and the writings of Vitruvius. As in the Classical period, proportion was the most important factor of beauty; Renaissance architects found a harmony between human proportions and buildings. This concern for proportion resulted in clear, easily comprehended space and mass, which distinguishes the Renaissance style from the more complex Gothic. Filippo Brunelleschi is considered the first Renaissance architect. Leon Battista Alberti's Ten Books on Architecture, inspired by Vitruvius, became a bible of Renaissance architecture. From Florence the early Renaissance style spread through Italy. Donato Bramante's move to Rome ushered in the High Renaissance ( 1500-20). Mannerism, the style of the Late Renaissance (1520-1600), was characterized by sophistication, complexity, and novelty rather than the harmony, clarity, and repose of the High Renaissance. The Late Renaissance also saw much architectural theorizing, with Sebastiano Serlio (1475-1554), Giacomo da Vignola (1507-1573), and Andrea Palladio publishing influential books
Roman architecture: style of architecture developed by the ancient Romans
Romanesque architecture: Architecture current in Europe from about the mid-11th century to the advent of Gothic architecture. A fusion of Roman, Carolingian and Ottonian, Byzantine, and local Germanic traditions, it was a product of the great expansion of monasticism in the 10th-11th century. Larger churches were needed to accommodate the numerous monks and priests, as well as the pilgrims who came to view saints' relics. For the sake of fire resistance, masonry vaulting began to replace timber construction. Romanesque churches characteristically incorporated semicircular arches for windows, doors, and arcades; barrel or groin vaults to support the roof of the nave; massive piers and walls, with few windows, to contain the outward thrust of the vaults; side aisles with galleries above them; a large tower over the crossing of nave and transept; and smaller towers at the church's western end. French churches commonly expanded on the early Christian basilica plan, incorporating radiating chapels to accommodate more priests, ambulatories around the sanctuary apse for visiting pilgrims, and large transepts between the sanctuary and nave
architecturally: with regard to architecture; "this building is ugly, but architecturally interesting
architecturally: with regard to architecture; "this building is ugly, but architecturally interesting"
architecturally: from an architectural standpoint (concerning the science of planning and building structures)
bachelor of science in architecture: a bachelor's degree in architecture
byzantine architecture: the style of architecture developed in the Byzantine Empire developed after the 5th century; massive domes with square bases and rounded arches and spires and much use of mosaics
classical architecture: architecture influenced by the ancient Greeks or Romans
client server architecture: model for a system in which most of the data processing is performed by a server
client-server architecture: Architecture of a computer network in which many clients (remote processors) request and receive service from a centralized server (host computer). Client computers provide an interface to allow a computer user to request services of the server and to display the results the server returns. Servers wait for requests to arrive from clients and then respond to them. Ideally, a server provides a standardized transparent interface to clients so that clients need not be aware of the specifics of the system (i.e., the hardware and software) that is providing the service. Today clients are often situated at workstations or on personal computers, while servers are located elsewhere on the network, usually on more powerful machines. This computing model is especially effective when clients and the server each have distinct tasks that they routinely perform. In hospital data processing, for example, a client computer can be running an application program for entering patient information while the server computer is running another program that manages the database in which the information is permanently stored. Many clients can access the server's information simultaneously, and, at the same time, a client computer can perform other tasks, such as sending e-mail. Because both client and server computers are considered intelligent devices, the client-server model is completely different from the old "mainframe" model, which utilized a centralized mainframe computer that performed all the tasks for its associated "dumb" terminals
computer architecture: Internal structure of a digital computer, encompassing the design and layout of its instruction set and storage registers. The architecture of a computer is chosen with regard to the types of programs that will be run on it (business, scientific, general-purpose, etc.). Its principal components or subsystems, each of which could be said to have an architecture of its own, are input/output, storage, communication, control, and processing
computer architecture: (computer science) the structure and organization of a computer's hardware or system software; "the architecture of a computer's system software"
computer architecture: method of programming the different components of computers
computer architecture: the art of assembling logical elements into a computing device; the specification of the relation between parts of a computer system
flamboyant architecture: ornate or elaborate architecture
georgian architecture: British or British colonial architecture of the period of the four Georges, especially that of the period before 1800
greek architecture: the architecture of ancient Greece
landscape architecture: designing of landscapes and gardens
landscape architecture: the branch of architecture dealing with the arrangement of land and buildings for human use and enjoyment
master of architecture: a degree granted for the successful completion of advanced study of architecture
neoclassic architecture: All that architecture which, since the beginning of the Italian Renaissance, about 1420, has been designed with deliberate imitation of Greco-Roman buildings
network architecture: specification of design principles (including data formats and procedures) for creating a network configuration of data processors
network architecture: manner in which a computer network is built and the protocol by which the network is managed
norman architecture: a Romanesque style first appearing in Normandy around 950 AD and used in Britain from the Norman Conquest until the 12th century
open architecture: architecture whose details are available to the public so that every company can produce compatible expansion products
roman architecture: the architecture of ancient Rome
scalar architecture: design of a microprocessor with only one data pipeline
superscalar architecture: design of a processor in a manner that allows it to perform more than one operation each cycle
tudor architecture: a style of English-Gothic architecture popular during the Tudor period; characterized by half-timbered houses
vernacular architecture: Common domestic architecture of a region, usually far simpler than what the technology of the time is capable of maintaining. In highly industrialized countries such as the U.S., for example, barns are still being built according to a design employed in Europe in the 1st millennium BC. Vernacular structures are characterized by inexpensive materials and straightforwardly utilitarian design
victorian architecture: a style of architecture used in England during the reign of Queen Victoria; characterized by massive construction and elaborate ornamentation