reynolds

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الإنجليزية - التركية

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الإنجليزية - الإنجليزية
An English patronymic surname derived from Reynold
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Holdings Inc. Reynolds number Reynolds Sir Joshua Reynolds Osborne
English portrait painter and first president of the Royal Academy (1723-1792)
Reynolds number
a dimensionless parameter that determines the behavior of viscous flow patterns. In pipe flow a value less than about 2,000 (known as the critical Reynolds number) produces laminar flow, one above about 3,000 produces turbulent flow (intermediate values produce unpredictable behavior)
Reynolds number
In fluid mechanics, a number that indicates whether the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas) is absolutely steady (in streamlined, or laminar flow) or on the average steady with small, unsteady changes (in turbulent flow; see turbulence). The Reynolds number, abbreviated NRe or Re, has no dimensions (see dimensional analysis) and is defined as the size of the flow as, for example, the diameter of a tube (D) times the average speed of flow (v) times the mass density of the fluid () divided by its absolute viscosity (). Osborne Reynolds demonstrated in 1883 that the change from laminar to turbulent flow in a pipe occurs when the value of the Reynolds number exceeds 2,100
critical Reynolds number
A Reynolds number at which the flow of a fluid changes from laminar to turbulent
Inc. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Holdings
U.S.-based tobacco company. Its origins date to the establishment of Richard Joshua Reynolds's tobacco-plug factory in Winston, N.C., in 1875. The Reynolds Tobacco Co. became a major manufacturer of tobacco products, notably Camel, Winston, and Salem cigarettes. Reynolds began to diversify in the 1960s, and in 1970 adopted the name R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc. In 1985 R.J. Reynolds Industries acquired Nabisco Brands. The new company, named RJR Nabisco in 1986, was acquired by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) in 1989. It was the largest corporate transaction ($25 billion) of its time. KKR divested its ownership in 1995. In 1999 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company became a subsidiary of R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Holdings, Inc. Nabisco was acquired by Philip Morris Cos. Inc. in 2000 and became part of the Philip Morris (renamed Altria Group, Inc.) subsidiary Kraft Foods, Inc
Osborne Reynolds
born Aug. 23, 1842, Belfast, Ire. died Feb. 21, 1912, Watchet, Somerset, Eng. British engineer and physicist. Educated at Cambridge University, he became the first professor of engineering at the University of Manchester (1868). Best known for his work in hydraulics and hydrodynamics, he formulated the law of resistance in parallel channels (1883), the theory of lubrication (1886), and the standard mathematical framework used in turbulence work (1889). He studied wave engineering and tidal motions in rivers and made pioneering contributions to the concept of group velocity. The Reynolds stress in fluids with turbulent motion and the Reynolds number are named for him
Sir Joshua Reynolds
a British painter who became the first president of the Royal Academy. His best known works are his portraits (=paintings of people) (1723-92). born July 16, 1723, Plympton, Devon, Eng. died Feb. 23, 1792, London British portrait painter. Son of a clergyman-schoolmaster, he was apprenticed to a London portraitist in 1740. His large group portrait The Eliot Family ( 1746) reveals the influence of Anthony Van Dyck. The impressions he gained during two years in Italy (1750-52), particularly in Venice, inspired his painting for the rest of his life. He established a portrait studio in London in 1753 and was immediately successful. His early London portraits introduced new vigour into English portraiture. After 1760, with the increasing vogue for Greco-Roman antiquity, his style became increasingly Classical and self-conscious. He was elected the first president of the Royal Academy in 1768. Through his art and teaching, Reynolds led British painting away from the anecdotal pictures of the early 18th century toward the formal rhetoric of continental academic painting. His Discourses Delivered at the Royal Academy (1769-90), advocating rigorous academic training and study of the Old Masters, ranks among the most important art criticism of the time
reynolds
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