revolution

تعريف revolution في الإنجليزية الإنجليزية القاموس.: The removal and replacement of a government; A political upheaval in a government or nation state characterized by great change; A sudden, vast change in a situation, a discipline, or the way of thinking and behaving; Rotation: the turning of an object around an axis
The ratio between the speeds of revolution of wheel and disc is substantially equal to the reciprocal of the ratio between the diameter of the wheel and the diameter of the mean contact circle on the disc.; A rotation: one complete turn of an object during rotation
Numerous cases are recorded which incontestibly prove that during pregnancy, the uterus perform a half or even a complete revolution, on itself, producing torsion of the cervix.; In the case of celestial bodies - the traversal of one body through an orbit around another body; {n} a returning motion, rotation, turn change of government in a state; The motion of a point, line, or surface about a point or line as its center or axis, in such a manner that a moving point generates a curve, a moving line a surface (called a surface of revolution), and a moving surface a solid (called a solid of revolution); as, the revolution of a right-angled triangle about one of its sides generates a cone; the revolution of a semicircle about the diameter generates a sphere; The motion of one body around another (e g the motion of the planets in their orbit around the Sun); the movement in an orbit around another body; Process of change involving the mobilizing of a mass social movement in order to break the political status-quo and radically transform the society; The space measured by the regular return of a revolving body; the period made by the regular recurrence of a measure of time, or by a succession of similar events; a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving; "the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution"; The orbital motion of a body around its primary; A rebellion that succeeds in overthrowing an old government and establishing a new one; The turning of an object around an axis; This is the motion of the earth traveling around the sun It takes the earth 365 days to complete one revolution around the sun This is why there are 365 days in a year The earth is undergoing rotation (see above) and revolution at the same time Return to Seasonal Temperature Effects; Orbital motion of one body about another, such as the Earth about the Sun; A total or radical change; as, a revolution in one's circumstances or way of living; the overthrow of a government by those who are governed; A sudden, vast change in a situation or discipline; Return to a point before occupied, or to a point relatively the same; a rolling back; return; as, revolution in an ellipse or spiral; n orbital motion around an object in space, or a turning motion around an axis See also Rotation; process of completing a full orbit The Earth's revolution around the sun determines the seasons and length of an Earth year; The motion of one body around another; Orbital motion about a point located outside the orbiting body; The movement of one body around another in an orbit Not to be confused with rotation; A revolution is a successful attempt by a large group of people to change the political system of their country by force. The period since the revolution has been one of political turmoil; the overthrow of a government by those who are governed a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving; "the industrial revolution was also a cultural revolution; the turning of a body about an exterior point or axis The earth revolves about the sun on a 600-million-mile orbit at a speed of about 18 5 miles per second Practical astronomy assumes that the earth is stationary and the celestial bodies move about it from east to west on the celestial sphere; sudden or drastic change in a condition; overthrow of a government by the people who are governed and replacement of that government with another; may be a cultural revolution, as in the Industrial Revolution; A revolution in a particular area of human activity is an important change in that area. The nineteenth century witnessed a revolution in ship design and propulsion. In politics, fundamental, rapid, and often irreversible change in the established order. Revolution involves a radical change in government, usually accomplished through violence, that may also result in changes to the economic system, social structure, and cultural values. The ancient Greeks viewed revolution as the undesirable result of societal breakdown; a strong value system, firmly adhered to, was thought to protect against it. During the Middle Ages, much attention was given to finding means of combating revolution and stifling societal change. With the advent of Renaissance humanism, there arose the belief that radical changes of government are sometimes necessary and good, and the idea of revolution took on more positive connotations. John Milton regarded it as a means of achieving freedom, Immanuel Kant believed it was a force for the advancement of mankind, and G.W.F. Hegel held it to be the fulfillment of human destiny. Hegel's philosophy in turn influenced Karl Marx. See also coup d'état. Agricultural Revolution Appalachian Revolution American Revolution Commercial Revolution Cultural Revolution Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution Daughters of the American Revolution February Revolution French Revolution Glorious Revolution Revolution of 1688 Bloodless Revolution green revolution Hungarian Revolution Industrial Revolution July Revolution Mexican Revolution Philippine Revolution Promoters Revolution Russian Revolution of 1905 Russian Revolution of 1917 Revolutions of 1848; Type of action that may be taken on a planar profile element, formed by rotating a line string, curve, shape, ellipse, B-spline curve, complex chain, or complex shape; {i} overthrow of the government; one spin, one full turn; circuit, course or procedure leading back to the starting point; motion of a body around an axis external to the body; or revolutionary change -- for Marx, the overthrow of one class by another producing a qualitative change in socety; revolutionary change is not to be confused with a coup d'etat (replacement of one leader by another) or with reform (change that does not challenge the position of the class that holds power) Revolutionary change may or may not be violent, depending on how tenaciously the ruling class defends its position; a single complete turn (axial or orbital); "the plane made three rotations before it crashed"; "the revolution of the earth about the sun takes one year"; – Overthrow of the government by the people, such as the American Revolution, where the people overthrew the English control in the country; a sudden or momentous change in a situation; The time during which the ISO satellite orbits around the Earth once (=24 hrs); Process of the Earth circling the sun in its orbit Revolution determines the seasons, and the length of the year In addition, differences in seasons occur because of Earth's inclination (tilt on its axis) of about 23 5 degrees as it revolves around the sun Compare with rotation; A modeling term defining a surface made by rotating a curve around the axis of another curve; Love to ruin; A fundamental change in political organization, or in a government or constitution; the overthrow or renunciation of one government, and the substitution of another, by the governed; The act of revolving, or turning round on an axis or a center; the motion of a body round a fixed point or line; rotation; as, the revolution of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its axis, etc; Rapid and extensive culture change generated from within a society; In the Apache environment, some communities may decide to permit (or encourage) revolutions as ways of reconciling differences, particularly code changes which have been blocked on a particular branch by a veto Originally described by James Duncan Davison in his 'Rules for Revolutionaries,' the concept has been adopted, formally or informally, by at least one Apache project Essentially, a revolution occurs when a group of committers decides to fork the current main branch in order to work on problematic code or concepts This permits them to pursue it without disturbing the evolutionary work on the main branch A revolutionary branch may eventually be merged back into the main branch, die out, split completely and become a new main branch, or may absorb the current main branch into itself (essentially no different than the first option) See the 'Rules for Revolutionaries' and compare evolution; The motion of any body, as a planet or satellite, in a curved line or orbit, until it returns to the same point again, or to a point relatively the same; designated as the annual, anomalistic, nodical, sidereal, or tropical revolution, according as the point of return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the anomaly, the nodes, the stars, or the tropics; as, the revolution of the earth about the sun; the revolution of the moon about the earth; rev
Copernican Revolution: The paradigm shift, from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens based around the Earth to a heliocentric model, proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus and later supported by Galileo Galilei and others
Cultural Revolution: an abbreviation for Iran's Cultural Revolution of 1980-1987
Cultural Revolution: an abbreviation for the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of the People’s Republic of China
Cultural Revolution: any reform movement in which a national government aims to radically change its country's political, social, economical and cultural values
French Revolution: A period in France of radical social and political upheaval which saw the country change from a monarchy to a democratic republic (1789-1799)
Industrial Revolution: The major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labour to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture
Velvet Revolution: any non-violent political revolution, especially the events in Czechoslovakia that led to the velvet divorce
agricultural revolution: any of several revolutionary changes that have occurred in the agricultural practices of societies throughout history
artistic revolution: An abrupt change from one art movement to another
sexual revolution: A period in which attitudes towards sexual behavior undergo a substantial change, usually in the direction of increased liberality
sexual revolution: A specific period in the 1960s and 1970s during which such change is said to have occurred in Western Europe and the United States
solid of revolution: A solid produced by taking a particular two-dimensional curve and rotating it through 360° about an axis. The curve will sweep out a surface, and the region inside the surface defines a solid
surface of revolution: A surface formed when a given curve is revolved around a given axis. If the resulting surface is a closed one, it also defines a solid of revolution
A torus is a surface of revolution of a circle around an axis which is outside the circle.
velvet revolution: (Politika Siyaset) A non-violent political revolution, especially the relatively smooth change from Communism to a Western-style democracy in Czechoslovakia at the end of 1989
Agricultural Revolution: Gradual transformation of the traditional agricultural system that began in Britain in the 18th century. Aspects of this complex transformation, which was not completed until the 19th century, included the reallocation of land ownership to make farms more compact and an increased investment in technical improvements, such as new machinery, better drainage, scientific methods of breeding, and experimentation with new crops and systems of crop rotation. The agricultural revolution was an essential prelude to the Industrial Revolution
American Revolution: The war between the American colonies and Great Britain (1775-1783), leading to the formation of the independent United States. or United States War of Independence (1775-83) War that won political independence for 13 of Britain's North American colonies, which formed the United States of America. After the end of the costly French and Indian War (1763), Britain imposed new taxes (see Stamp Act; Sugar Act) and trade restrictions on the colonies, fueling growing resentment and strengthening the colonists' objection to their lack of representation in the British Parliament. Determined to achieve independence, the colonies formed the Continental Army, composed chiefly of minutemen, to challenge Britain's large, organized militia. The war began when Britain sent a force to destroy rebel military stores at Concord, Mass. After fighting broke out on April 19, 1775 (see Battles of Lexington and Concord), rebel forces began a siege of Boston that ended when American forces under Henry Knox forced out the British troops under William Howe on March 17, 1776 (see Battle of Bunker Hill). Britain's offer of pardon in exchange for surrender was refused by the Americans, who declared themselves independent on July 4, 1776 (see Declaration of Independence). British forces retaliated by driving the army of George Washington from New York to New Jersey. On December 25, Washington crossed the Delaware River and won the battles of Trenton and Princeton. The British army split to cover more territory, a fatal error. In engaging the Americans in Pennsylvania, notably in the Battle of the Brandywine, they left the troops in the north vulnerable. Despite a victory in the Battle of Ticonderoga, British troops under John Burgoyne were defeated by Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold in the Battle of Saratoga (Oct. 17, 1777). Washington quartered his 11,000 troops through a bleak winter at Valley Forge, where they received training from Frederick Steuben that gave them victory in Monmouth, N.J., on June 28, 1778. British forces in the north thenceforth chiefly concentrated near New York. France, which had been secretly furnishing aid to the Americans since 1776, finally declared war on Britain in June 1778. French troops assisted American troops in the south, culminating in the successful Siege of Yorktown, where Charles Cornwallis surrendered his forces on Oct. 19, 1781, bringing an end to the war on land. War continued at sea, fought chiefly between Britain and the U.S.'s European allies. The navies of Spain and the Netherlands contained most of Britain's navy near Europe and away from the fighting in America. The last battle of the war was won by the American navy under John Barry in March 1783 in the Straits of Florida. With the Treaty of Paris (Sept. 3, 1783), Britain recognized the independence of the U.S. east of the Mississippi River and ceded Florida to Spain
American Revolution: The struggle by which the United States won independence from Great Britain (1775-1783)
American Revolution: The US war for independence from Great Britain from 1775 to 1783
American Revolution: Rebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventual formation of United States of America (p 699)
Commercial Revolution: Great increase in commerce in Europe that began in the late Middle Ages. It received stimulus from the voyages of exploration undertaken by England, Spain, and other nations to Africa, Asia, and the New World. Among the features associated with it were a surge in overseas trade, the appearance of the chartered company, acceptance of the principles of mercantilism, the creation of a money economy, increased economic specialization, and the establishment of such new institutions as the state bank, the bourse, and the futures market. The Commercial Revolution helped set the stage for the Industrial Revolution
Cultural Revolution: a period in China, from 1966 to 1969, when its leader Mao Zedong tried to continue and develop the revolution that brought the Communists to power in China in the 1940s. officially Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (1966-76) Upheaval launched by Mao Zedong to renew the spirit of revolution in China. Mao feared urban social stratification in a society as traditionally elitist as China and also believed that programs instituted to correct for the failed Great Leap Forward showed that his colleagues lacked commitment to the revolution. He organized China's urban youths into groups called the Red Guards, shut down China's schools, and encouraged the Red Guards to attack all traditional values and "bourgeois things." They soon splintered into zealous rival groups, and in 1968 Mao sent millions of them to the rural hinterland, bringing some order to the cities. Within the government, a coalition of Mao's associates fought with more moderate elements, many of whom were purged, were verbally attacked, were physically abused, and subsequently died; leaders Liu Shaoqi and Lin Biao both died under mysterious circumstances. From 1973 to Mao's death in 1976, politics shifted between the hard-line Gang of Four and the moderates headed by Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping. After Mao's death the Cultural Revolution was brought to a close. By that time, nearly three million party members and countless wrongfully purged citizens awaited reinstatement. The Cultural Revolution subsequently was repudiated in China. See also Jiang Qing
Daughters of the American Revolution: the DAR an organization in the US for women whose families have been in the US since the American Revolutionary War. Its members are very patriotic and generally support right-wing political ideas. U.S. patriotic society for direct descendants of soldiers or others who aided the cause of independence. It was organized in 1890 and chartered by Congress in 1895. Its historical division stresses the study of U.S. history and preservation of Americana. Its educational division provides scholarships and loans, helps support schools for underprivileged youth and for Americanization training, sponsors prizes, and publishes manuals. Its patriotic division publishes the Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine and The National Defense News. It was long known for its conservatism; its refusal in 1939 to let the black singer Marian Anderson perform at Washington's Constitution Hall led to her famous concert at the Lincoln Memorial
Daughters of the American Revolution: American organization for female descendants of Colonialists who took part in the Revolutionary War (promotes education, volunteerism, the preservation of history, and grants scholarships), DAR
February Revolution: (1848) Rioting in France that led to the overthrow of the July Monarchy and precipitated the Revolutions of 1848. In 1840-49 there was a flowering of socialist thought begun by Charles Fourier, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, and others that fueled urban workers' discontent. A major recession in 1846-47 added to popular unrest, as did the increasing arbitrariness of King Louis-Philippe. An opposition campaign brought police action, and crowds of students and workers gathered in the streets and clashed with police. The king tried to appease the demonstrators, but, when an army unit killed 40 of them, he abdicated rather than face civil war
French Revolution: The assembly drafted a new constitution that introduced the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, proclaiming liberty, equality, and fraternity. The Constitution of 1791 also established a short-lived constitutional monarchy. The assembly nationalized church lands to pay off the public debt and reorganized the church (see Civil Constitution of the Clergy). The king tried to flee the country but was apprehended at Varennes. France, newly nationalistic, declared war on Austria and Prussia in 1792, beginning the French Revolutionary Wars. Revolutionaries imprisoned the royal family and massacred nobles and clergy at the Tuileries in 1792. A new assembly, the National Convention divided between Girondins and the extremist Montagnards abolished the monarchy and established the First Republic in September 1792. Louis XVI was judged by the National Convention and executed for treason on Jan. 21, 1793. The Montagnards seized power and adopted radical economic and social policies that provoked violent reactions, including the Wars of the Vendée and citizen revolts. Opposition was broken by the Reign of Terror. Military victories in 1794 brought a change in the public mood, and Maximilien Robespierre was overthrown in the Convention on 9 Thermidor, year II (in 1794 in the French republican calendar), and executed the next day (see Thermidorian Reaction). Royalists tried to seize power in Paris but were crushed by Napoleon on 13 Vendémaire, year IV (in 1795). A new constitution placed executive power in a Directory of five members. The war and schisms in the Directory led to disputes that were settled by coups d'état, chiefly those of 18 Fructidor, Year V (in 1797), and 18-19 Brumaire, Year VIII (in 1799), in which Napoleon abolished the Directory and declared himself leader of France. See also Committee of Public Safety; Constitution of 1795; Constitution of the Year VIII; Charlotte Corday; Cordeliers Club; Georges J. Danton; Feuillants Club; Jacobin Club; J.-P. Marat; Marie-Antoinette; Louis de Saint-Just; E.-J. Sieyès
French Revolution: {i} political revolution in France which lasted from 1789-1799 and resulted in the overthrow of the French monarchy
French Revolution: the revolution which began in France in 1789. The French king and queen, and many other people of high rank were killed and France became a republic (=a country without a king or queen) . The events and ideas of the revolution had an important influence on European history. Movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799, reaching its first climax in 1789, and ended the ancien régime. Causes included the loss of peasant support for the feudal system, broad acceptance of the reformist writings of the philosophes, an expanding bourgeoisie that was excluded from political power, a fiscal crisis worsened by participation in the American Revolution, and crop failures in 1788. The efforts of the regime in 1787 to increase taxes levied on the privileged classes initiated a crisis. In response, Louis XVI convened the Estates-General, made up of clergy, nobility, and the Third Estate (commoners), in 1789. Trying to pass reforms, it swore the Tennis Court Oath not to disperse until France had a new constitution. The king grudgingly concurred in the formation of the National Assembly, but rumours of an "aristocratic conspiracy" led to the Great Fear of July 1789, and Parisians seized the Bastille on July
Glorious Revolution: the time in British history (1688-89) when King James II was removed from power, and his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange became joint rulers. It was also called the Bloodless Revolution. or Bloodless Revolution or Revolution of 1688 In English history, the events of 1688-89 that resulted in the deposition of James II and the accession of his daughter Mary II and her husband William III. James's overt Roman Catholicism, his suspension of the legal rights of dissenters, and the prospect of a Catholic heir to the throne brought discontent to a head, which caused opposition leaders to invite the Protestant William of Orange to bring an army to redress the nation's grievances. The support remaining for James dwindled, and he fled to France. The Convention Parliament asked William and Mary to rule jointly and set out the Bill of Rights
Hungarian Revolution: (1956) Popular uprising in Hungary following a speech by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev in which he attacked the period of Joseph Stalin's rule. Encouraged by the new freedom of debate and criticism, a rising tide of unrest and discontent in Hungary broke out into active fighting in October 1956. Rebels won the first phase of the revolution, and Nagy Imre became premier, agreeing to establish a multiparty system. On November 1 he declared Hungarian neutrality and appealed to the UN. Western powers failed to respond, and on November 4 the Soviet Union invaded Hungary to stop the revolution. Nevertheless, Stalinist-type domination and exploitation did not return, and Hungary thereafter experienced a slow evolution toward some internal autonomy
Iranian revolution: Shiite Muslim revolution in Iran, changeover to rule by the Ayatollah
July Revolution: (1830) Insurrection that brought Louis-Philippe to the throne of France. It was precipitated on July 26 by Charles X's publication of restrictive ordinances contrary to the spirit of the Charter of 1814. Demonstrations were followed by three days of fighting (July 27-29), Charles's abdication, and the proclamation of Louis-Philippe as king. The bourgeoisie secured a political and social ascendancy that was to characterize the subsequent July Monarchy
Mexican Revolution: (1910-20) Lengthy struggle that began with the overthrow of Porfirio Díaz, whose elitist and oligarchic policies had caused widespread dissatisfaction. Francisco Madero, Pancho Villa, Pascual Orozco, and Emiliano Zapata amassed supporters, and in 1911 Madero was declared president, but his slow-paced reforms alienated both former allies and foes. He was deposed by Gen. Victoriano Huerta, whose own drunken and despotic dictatorship quickly fell to Villa, Venustiano Carranza, and Álvaro Obregón. Carranza declared himself president in 1914 over Villa's objections and, after further bloodshed, prevailed. He oversaw the writing of the liberal constitution of 1917 but did little to implement its key provisions; in 1920 he was killed while fleeing a rebellion. With the election of the reform-minded Obregón, the revolutionary period ended, though sporadic clashes continued until Lázaro Cárdenas took office in 1934
Philippine Revolution: (1896-98) Filipino independence struggle that failed to end Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. There had been numerous quasi-religious uprisings during the more than 300 years of colonial rule, but the late 19th-century writings of Jose Rizal and others helped stimulate a more broad-based movement for Philippine independence. Spain was unwilling to reform its colonial government, and armed rebellion broke out in 1896. Rizal, who had advocated reform but not revolution, was shot for sedition; his martyrdom fueled the revolution. The rebel forces of Emilio Aguinaldo were unable to defeat the Spanish, but the Filipinos proclaimed their independence in the wake of Spain's defeat in the Spanish-American War (1898). The Treaty of Paris ceded the Philippines to the U.S., however, and Aguinaldo continued the revolutionary struggle, now against the U.S.; he gave up the struggle after being arrested in 1901. See also Philippine-American War
Promoters Revolution: (1932) Bloodless coup that put an end to absolute monarchy in Siam (Thailand) and initiated the Constitutional Era. The coup was headed by the Promoters, a group that included members of the Thai elite, noted intellectuals, and disaffected army officers. Their first constitution, the Temporary Constitution, stripped the king of power and put it in the hands of the Promoters themselves. The Permanent, or December, Constitution restored some of the royal prestige and dignity and introduced some liberal, Western-style reforms. None of Thailand's subsequent constitutions effectively limited political power or provided a means by which political contests could be decided. See also Luang Phibunsongkhram; Pridi Phanomyong
Russian Revolution: the events of 1917, when the Russian people overthrew their tsar before the communists took over under the leadership of Lenin
Russian Revolution of 1905: Unsuccessful uprising in Russia against the tsarist regime. After several years of mounting discontent, a peaceful demonstration was crushed by Tsar Nicholas II's troops in the Bloody Sunday massacre. General strikes followed in St. Petersburg and other industrial cities. The revolt spread to non-Russian parts of the empire, including Poland, Finland, and Georgia. Antirevolutionary groups, including the Black Hundreds, opposed the rebellion with violent attacks on socialists and pogroms against Jews. By October 1905, general strikes had spread to all the large cities, and the workers' councils or soviets, often led by the Mensheviks, became revolutionary governments. The strikes' magnitude convinced Nicholas II, advised by Sergey Witte, to issue the October Manifesto, promising an elected legislature. The concessions satisfied most moderates, though the more ardent revolutionaries refused to yield, and pockets of resistance in Poland, Georgia, and elsewhere were harshly suppressed as the regime restored its authority. While most of the revolutionary leaders, including Leon Trotsky, were arrested, the revolution forced the tsar to institute reforms such as a new constitution and a Duma, though he failed to adequately implement various promised reforms
Russian Revolution of 1917: Revolution that overthrew the imperial government and placed the Bolsheviks in power. Increasing governmental corruption, the reactionary policies of Tsar Nicholas II, and catastrophic Russian losses in World War I contributed to widespread dissatisfaction and economic hardship. In February 1917 riots over food scarcity broke out in Petrograd (St. Petersburg). When the army joined the rebels, Nicholas was forced to abdicate. A provisional government, headed by Georgy Lvov, was appointed in March and tried to continue Russia's participation in World War I, but it was opposed by the powerful Petrograd workers' soviet, which favoured Russian withdrawal from the war. Other soviets were formed in major cities and towns, choosing members from factories and military units. The soviet movement was dominated by the Socialist Revolutionary Party, followed by the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks. Between March and October, the provisional government was reorganized four times; Aleksandr Kerensky became its head in July; he survived a coup attempt by Lavr Kornilov but was unable to halt Russia's slide into political and military chaos. By September the Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, had achieved majorities in the Petrograd and Moscow soviets and won increasing support among the hungry urban workers and soldiers. In October they staged a nearly bloodless coup (the "October Revolution"), occupying government buildings and strategic points. Kerensky tried unsuccessfully to organize resistance, then fled the country. The congress of soviets approved the formation of a new government composed mainly of Bolsheviks. See also April Theses; Aleksandr Guchkov; July Days; Russian Civil War
The American Revolution: (1775-1783) The Revolutionary War, war in which American colonists fought for and won independence from Great Britain
american revolution: the revolution of the American colonies against Great Britain; 1775-1783
bloodless revolution: nonviolent uprising, nonviolent coup
brought about a revolution: caused a revolution, caused a major change (in government, etc.)
chinese revolution: the republican revolution against the Manchu dynasty in China; 1911-1912
conducted a revolution: managed an overthrow of the government, performed an upheaval
counter-revolution: political movement to restore the system overthrown by a revolution
counter-revolution: counter-revolution counter-revolutions in AM, also use counterrevolution1. A counter-revolution is a revolution that is intended to reverse the effects of a previous revolution. The consequences of the counter-revolution have been extremely bloody
counter-revolution: You can refer to activities that are intended to reverse the effects of a previous revolution as counter-revolution. Such actions would be regarded as counter-revolution. political or military actions taken to get rid of a government that is in power because of a previous revolution
cuban revolution: the revolution led by Fidel Castro and a small band of guerrilla fighters against a corrupt dictatorship in Cuba; 1956-1959
cultural revolution: a radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 and carried out largely by the Red Guard; intended to eliminate counterrevolutionary elements in the government it resulted in purges of the intellectuals and socioeconomic chaos
cultural revolution: social and political revolution in China led by Mao Tse-Tung during the years 1966-1969
english revolution: the revolution against James II; there was little armed resistance to William and Mary in England although battles were fought in Scotland and Ireland (1688-1689)
fomented a revolution: stirred up a revolution
french revolution: the revolution in France against the Bourbons; 1789-1799
green revolution: Launched in the 1960s by International Agricultural Research Centres Objective: to improve yields Method: widespread use of improved varieties, particularly hybrids, and of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides After real successes, the green revolution is running out of steam: yields are stagnating, crops based on uniform varieties are proving vulnerable, soils are being depleted and a vicious circle of fertilizer use has been set up The talk now is of a "doubly green" revolution that can reconcile higher output with respect for the environment
green revolution: the development of high-yielding varieties of seed for crops such as wheat and rice in Third World countries and requiring extensive technology for planting, irrigation, fertilizing, spraying, and harvesting
green revolution: The introduction of Northern agricultural technologies, such as growing a single crop with chemical fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides, to Southern countries, in order to increase crop yields
green revolution: The short-term increase in crop yields made possible by the use of pesticides, fertilizers and high-yield varieties of plants
green revolution: The green revolution is the increase in agricultural production that has been made possible by the use of new types of crops and new farming methods, especially in developing countries. A significant increase in agricultural productivity resulting from the introduction of high-yield varieties of grains, the use of pesticides, and improved management techniques. Great increase in production of food grains (especially wheat and rice) that resulted in large part from the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding varieties, beginning in the mid-20th century. Its early dramatic successes were in Mexico and the Indian subcontinent. The new varieties require large amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce their high yields, raising concerns about cost and potentially harmful environmental effects. Poor farmers, unable to afford the fertilizers and pesticides, have often reaped even lower yields with these grains than with the older strains, which were better adapted to local conditions and had some resistance to pests and diseases. See also Norman Borlaug
green revolution: the invention and dissemination of new seeds and agricultural practices that led to vast increases in agricultural output in less developed countries (LDCs) during the 1960s and 1970s
green revolution: refers to a dramatic increase in food production, primarily as a result of the development of new strains of crops
green revolution: Modification of agriculture starting in the 1950s through the use of machines, fertilizer, pesticides, irrigation and the growth of hybrid varieties of rice, wheat, and corn
green revolution: the introduction of pesticides and high-yield grains and better management during the 1960s and 1970s which greatly increased agricultural productivity
green revolution: the post-second world war advances in crop farming that included the development of high-yield grains, and disease-resistant varieties
green revolution: An organized effort beginning in the 1960s, sponsored by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), to increase world food production by introducing high-yield cereal varieties developed in the Phillipines and Mexico The Green Revolution efforts created an infrastructure of agricultural research and development, and very impressive yields of grain on limited land But the new strains of plants required large quantities of fertilizer, pesticides, and water (which has helped justify massive dam-building programmes with terrible ecological consequences) The adverse effects include the evolution of pesticide-resistant pests, the destruction of fish stocks by pesticides, a decline in food production due to soil destruction, and the encouragement of agricultural costs beyond the means of many small, independent farmers (Source: Mintzer, 1992)
green revolution: The period beginning in the 1940s and culminating in the 1960s with the production of high-yield agricultural varieties The widespread use of these varieties, however, can encourage monocultures that are vulnerable to disease and that need more water, fertilizer, and pesticides than traditional crops
green revolution: Dramatically increased agricultural production brought about by "miracle" strains of grain; usually requires high inputs of water, plant nutrients, and pesticides
industrial revolution: The Industrial Revolution was a period of rapid industrial growth which caused a radical shift in focus from agriculture to industry during the late 1700's and early 1800's A dramatic increase in city populations was one of the effects of the Industrial Revolution
industrial revolution: Describes time in which Britain changed from a rural to an urban economy due to the rapid developments in technology and society
industrial revolution: The change in economic and social organization resulting from the replacement of hand tools with powered machinery and large-scale industrial production, beginning in England in 1760 and later in other countries
industrial revolution: The term used to describe the technological advances of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, such as the development of steam power, which changed the face of industry by supplementing purely mechanical power with steam, electrical and ultimately nuclear power
industrial revolution: historical period, lasting throughout most of the 1800s, when the economy of the United States and many European nations shifted from an agricultural to a manufacturing base
industrial revolution: process of transfer from agriculture to industry that began in Britain in the 18th century
industrial revolution: A period of inventive activity, beginning around 1750 in Great Britain During this period, industrial and technological changes resulted in mechanized machinery that replaced much of which was previously manual work The Industrial Revolution was responsible for many social changes, as well as changes in the way things were manufactured
industrial revolution: Noun An era, usually dated from 1750 to 1900, when industry took off, first in the United Kingdom and then spreading to the rest of the world (including the United States) During this time, there were many industrial innovations and discoveries The wool industry, for instance, went from the small Cottage Industry, to full blown mass production
industrial revolution: the time, roughly between the 1700s and mid 1800s, when the hand crafting economy changed to a machine manufacturing economy
industrial revolution: A period of rapid industrial growth with far-reaching social and economic consequences, beginning in England during the second half of the eighteenth century and spreading to Europe and later to other countries including the United States The invention of the steam engine was an important trigger of this development The industrial revolution marks the beginning of a strong increase in the use of fossil fuels and emission of, in particular, fossil carbon dioxide In this Report the terms pre-industrial and industrial refer, somewhat arbitrarily, to the periods before and after 1750, respectively
industrial revolution: The rapid changes in the transition from medieval methods of production to those of the free enterprise system which took place from about 1760 to 1830, primarily in England A term of Marxian origin loaded with emotional connotations in order to fit economic history into the theories of Fabianism (q v ), Marxism (q v ), Historicism (q v ) and Institutionalism (q v ) B 18; HA 8,617-23; 0G 101-02; PF 136, 168
industrial revolution: A major change in goods production that began in England in the mid-eighteenth century and was characterized by a shift to the factory system, mass production, and specialization of labour
industrial revolution: Series of changes in economy of Western Europe between 1740 and 20th century; stimulated by rapid population growth, increase in agricultural productivity, commercial revolution of 17th century, and development of new means of transportation; in essence involved technological change and the application of machines to the process of production (p 704)
industrial revolution: A period commonly dated 1760-1830 in Britain during which technological advances were made that changed the nature of production Human skills and strength were replaced by machines; new sources of power were developed (e g fossil fuels); new materials were used in production (e g replacement of wood with iron); and the introduction of a factory system as the major mode of production
industrial revolution: the Industrial Revolution is the stream of new technology and the resulting growth of output that began in England toward the end of the 18th century
industrial revolution: The development of mechanical and industrial production of goods that began in Great Britain in the mid-1700s and then spread through Europe and North America
industrial revolution: a period of industrial and social change that began in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries and later spread to other regions of the world The revolution was accelerated in the U S where it took hold in the 1870s Many new cities were founded and the building of factories for turning raw materials into manufactured goods gave these centres an industrial focus Between 1870 and 1914, the U S experienced unprecedented immigration from Europe, providing new labour for the factories Cities were linked by a new network of railways This period lay the foundation for urbanization, a trend that continues in the U S today
industrial revolution: Major change in the economy and society of humans brought on by the use of machines This period in human history began in England in the late 18th century
industrial revolution: The complex of radical socioeconomic changes, such as the ones that took place in England in the late 18th century, that are brought about when extensive mechanization of production systems results in a shift from home-based hand manufacturing to large-scale factory production. the Industrial Revolution the period in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe and the USA when machines were invented and the first factories were established. Process of change from an agrarian, handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture. It began in England in the 18th century. Technological changes included the use of iron and steel, new energy sources, invention of new machines that increased production (including the spinning jenny), development of the factory system, and important developments in transportation and communication (including the steam engine and telegraph). Other changes included agricultural improvements, a wider distribution of wealth, political changes reflecting the shift in economic power, and sweeping social changes. The Industrial Revolution was largely confined to Britain from 1760 to 1830, then spread to Belgium and France. Other nations lagged behind, but once Germany, the U.S., and Japan achieved industrial power they outstripped Britain's initial successes. Eastern European countries lagged into the 20th century, and not until the mid-20th century did the Industrial Revolution spread to such countries as China and India. Many analysts saw evidence of a second, or new, industrial revolution in the later 20th century, with the use of new materials and energy sources, automated factories, new ownership of the means of production, and a shift away from laissez-faire government
industrial revolution: a major change in the economy during the 1700s that resulted from the increased use of energy for new power-driven machinery
industrial revolution: the movement of different countries from a society based largely on agriculture to one based more upon the mechanized production of manufactured goods
industrial revolution: The replacement of hand tools by machine and power tools that led to the development of large-scale industrial production Dating to about 1760 in England, it transformed centuries-old social and economic systems and is believed to be the primary cause of the historical rise in the air's CO2 content that has closely tracked its progression
industrial revolution: the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation
made a revolution: started a revolution; made a complete turn
mexican revolution: 1910-1911
palace revolution: uprising plotted and carried out by members of the inner circle
palace revolution: a situation in which the people who work for a leader take control and remove that leader's power
revolutionized: past of revolutionize
revolutions: As the turnings of a motor, or the overthrowing of a government
revolutions: The number of times the bowling ball makes a complete rotation about its axis during its path down the lane
revolutions: The number of turns a ball takes when traveling from the release to the pins
russian revolution: the revolution against the Czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917 the coup d'etat by the Bolsheviks under Lenin in November 1917 that led to a period of civil war which ended in victory for the Bolsheviks in 1922
solid of revolution: A volume generated by the rotation of a plane figure about an axis in its plane
surface of revolution: A surface generated by revolving a plane curve about an axis in its plane
urban revolution: urbanization process, changing of rural areas into cities
white revolution: revolution that takes place without violence or bloodshed

revolution

الواصلة

rev·o·lu·tion

التركية النطق

revıluşın

المترادفات

anarchy, bloodshed, cabal, coup, coup d’état, crime, debacle, destruction, disorder, foment, golpe, guerrilla activity, innovation, insubordination, insurgency

المتضادة

evolution, stagnation, submission

النطق

/ˌrevəˈlo͞osʜən/ /ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən/

علم أصول الكلمات

() Middle English reuolucion Old French revolution Late Latin revolūtiōnem, accusative singular of revolūtiō (“the act of revolving; revolution”) Latin revolvō (“roll back, revolve”); see revolve.