German Braunschweig Former duchy, central Germany. A possession of the Welf family, the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneberg was created by Emperor Frederick II and included the lands surrounding the town of Brunswick (founded late 9th century). The electorate of Hanover was included in 1692; its rulers established the English royal house of Hanover. The duchy became part of the German Empire in 1871 and a German state after 1919. After World War II the region was incorporated into the state of Lower Saxony. The city of Brunswick (pop., 2002 est.: 245,500) is today an important industrial centre. New Brunswick New Brunswick University of Otto of Brunswick
a province of Canada on the Gulf of St Lawrence. Province (pop., 2001: 729,498), one of the four Maritime Provinces, eastern Canada. Bordered by the U.S. and the Canadian province of Quebec, it lies on the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Northumberland Strait (east) and the Bay of Fundy (south); it is connected with Nova Scotia by the Isthmus of Chignecto. Its capital, Fredericton, is home to the University of New Brunswick (founded 1785, one of Canada's oldest universities). New Brunswick was part of the original Acadia; it was colonized by the French in the 18th century, then captured by the British, who expelled the French-speaking Acadians in 1755 and incorporated the area into Nova Scotia. After the American Revolution, some 14,000 loyalists from the U.S. settled there. As a result of this large influx, it was separated from Nova Scotia, and the province of New Brunswick was established in 1784. In 1867 it became an original member of the Dominion of Canada. Forests cover 90% of the province, whose major cities include Saint John and Moncton. Forestry and lumbering are the largest industries, followed by commercial fishing
Canadian public university in Fredericton, founded in 1785. It has faculties of administration, arts, computer science, education, engineering, forestry, graduate studies, law, nursing, physical education, science, and business and additional programs in business, languages, and social sciences. A branch campus is located in Saint John