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(Sosyoloji, Toplumbilim) surrealism

An artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious

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Surrealism is a style in art and literature in which ideas, images, and objects are combined in a strange way, like in a dream. 20th century art or literature in which the artist or writer connects unrelated images and objects in a strange way (surréalisme, from sur- ( SURCHARGE) + réalisme ). Movement in the visual arts and literature that flourished in Europe between World Wars I and II. Surrealism grew principally out of the earlier Dada movement, which before World War I produced works of anti-art that deliberately defied reason; Surrealism developed in reaction against the "rationalism" that had led to World War I. The movement was founded in 1924 by André Breton as a means of joining dream and fantasy to everyday reality to form "an absolute reality, a surreality. " Drawing on the theories of Sigmund Freud, he concluded that the unconscious was the wellspring of the imagination. Breton was a poet, but Surrealism's major achievements were in painting. Some artists practiced organic, emblematic, or absolute Surrealism, expressing the unconscious through suggestive yet indefinite biomorphic images (e.g., Jean Arp, Max Ernst, André Masson, Joan Miró). Others created realistically painted images, removed from their context and reassembled within a paradoxical or shocking framework (Salvador Dalí, René Magritte). With its emphasis on content and free form, Surrealism provided a major alternative to the contemporary, highly formalistic Cubist movement and was largely responsible for perpetuating in modern painting the traditional emphasis on content

This leading influence in 20th century art was developed from Cubism and Dada Its members included Jean Arp, Man Ray, and Salavador Dali but works by Giorgio de Chirico, Marc Chagall, Paul Klee, Francis Picabia, and Pablo Picasso were also included in the exhibition The paintings included a great variety of content including the weird, the fantastic and dream interpretation, and a wide range of techniques

A twentieth century movement that was founded by the French writer, André Breton (1896-1966) The movement was influenced by the theories of the psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud Surrealist works are as confusing and as startling as those of dreams These works can be realistic, but be totally irrational in their depiction of dreamlike fantasies or they can be abstract If they are abstract they are usually modeled upon the psychotherapeutic procedure of "free association" In this process, conscious control is eliminated in order to express the unconscious Close

expressing the activities of the subconscious mind through fantastic imagery

A style of art of the early 20th century that emphasized dream imagery, chance operations, and rapid, thoughtless forms of notation that expressed, it was felt, the unconscious mind

a successor to Dadaism, the style or movement starting in the 1920's which was influenced by Freud's focus on dreams Works in the Surrealist style often appear dreamlike, irrational and fantastical in their presentation Some contributors include André Breton, Salvador Dali, and Joan Míro

{i} 20th-century artistic movement seeking to express subconscious thought processes through the use of dreamlike imagery and unusual juxtapositions

a type of painting of the 20th Century where almost photographic realism is achieved Sometimes the realism is combined with the fantastic through strangely related subject materials and mysterious light-source treatment; creating metaphysical effects reminiscent of de Chirico and others Examples

A further development of Collage, Cubism, and Dada, this 20th-century movement stresses the weird, the fantastic, and the dreamworld of the subconscious

A 20th-century literary and artistic movement that attempts to express the workings of the subconscious by fantastic imagery and incongruous juxtaposition of subject matter

A style of art, prominent in the first half of the 20th century, developed in response to the ideas of psychologists such as Carl Jung Some surrealists such as Salvador Dali and RenŽ Magritte represent dreamlike or fantasy images in a representational way Others like Joan Mir and Max Ernst use more abstract forms to represent the subconscious

a 20th century movement of artists and writers (developing out of Dadaism) who used fantastic images and incongruous juxtapositions in order to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams

A term that was coined in 1917, following the rise of Dadaism Surrealism is a psychological approach to Dada art It was specifically defined by Andre Breton in 1924 as "…Thought dictated in the absence of all control exerted by reason, and outside all aesthetic or moral preoccupations " The style went in two directions during the 1920’s: the first was the dream world of Salvador Dali, who painted in a precise, realist style; the second was the loosely drawn figures in shallow spaces, best represented by the work of Joan Miró and André Masson Other surrealist painters of note include Max Ernst, Man Ray, Pablo Picasso, and René Magritte

An artistic style that stresses fantastic and subconscious approaches to art making and often results in images that cannot be rationally explained

An early 20C art movement that was inspired by the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud According to André Breton, Surrealism is "Pure psychic automatism, by which is intended to express verbally, in writing, or by any other means the real process of thought Thought's dictation, and the absence of all control exercised by the reason and outside all aesthetic or moral preoccupations (Surrealist Manifesto 1924) " There are two types of Surrealism: one abstract (i e Miro) and the other highly realistic (i e Dali), where fantasy elements are juxtaposed in a hallucinatory dream-like setting

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