British Shakespearean actor whose productions, particularly those at London's Lyceum Theatre, won him the first knighthood awarded to a member of his profession (1895). American writer. His darkly humorous novels include The World According to Garp (1978) and The Cider House Rules (1985). American writer remembered for the stories "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," contained in The Sketch Book (1819-1820). City (pop., 2000: 191,615), northeastern Texas, U.S. Established in 1903 and incorporated in 1914, the city developed into an industrial hub during the 1950s. A suburb of Dallas, it is the site of the University of Dallas and DeVry University as well as of Texas Stadium, home of the Dallas Cowboys professional gridiron football team. Berlin Irving Caesar Irving Fisher Irving Irving John Winslow Irving Sir Henry Irving Washington Koch Edward Irving Langmuir Irving Lewis Clarence Irving Penn Irving Thalberg Irving Grant
a US songwriter who wrote many popular songs and successful musicals (=plays or films that use singing and dancing to tell a story) . His songs include Alexander's Ragtime Band and White Christmas (1888-1989). orig. Israel Baline born May 11, 1888, Mogilyov, Russia died Sept. 22, 1989, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. songwriter. The son of a Russian Jewish cantor, he and his family immigrated to New York City in 1893. He worked as a street singer and singing waiter, then began writing songs. His first published song, "Marie from Sunny Italy," appeared in 1907; a printer's error named him Irving Berlin. In 1911 he wrote the great hit of Tin Pan Alley's ragtime vogue, "Alexander's Ragtime Band." He may have written more than 1,500 songs. Some of his songs include "Cheek to Cheek" and "God Bless America." He scored many successful films; his score for Holiday Inn (1942) introduced "White Christmas," one of the best-selling songs of all time. Altogether Berlin wrote the scores for 19 Broadway shows (including Annie Get Your Gun, 1946) and 18 films
orig. Isidor Caesar born July 4, 1895, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Dec. 18, 1996, New York City U.S. lyricist. Caesar worked with Henry Ford during World War I before turning to songwriting. Working with various collaborators, he provided the lyrics for such standards as "Swanee," "Sometimes I'm Happy," "Crazy Rhythm," and "Tea for Two," one of the most frequently recorded tunes ever written
born Feb. 27, 1867, Saugerties, N.Y., U.S. died April 29, 1947, New Haven, Conn. U.S. economist best known for his work in the field of capital theory. He received his Ph.D. from Yale University. As a professor at Yale (1892-1935), he examined the relationship between changes in the quantity of money and the general level of prices. He also promoted the concept of the "compensated dollar" a dollar of constant purchasing power, defined in terms of an index of commodity prices rather than in terms of a given weight of gold. See also price index
born May 30, 1899, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S. died Sept. 14, 1936, Santa Monica, Calif. U.S. film executive. He suffered from health problems at a young age, and fearing his life would not be a long one, he threw himself into his career, joining Universal Pictures after completing high school. He soon became Universal's studio manager in Hollywood. Hired by MGM as head of production in 1925, he became known as the "boy wonder of Hollywood." He tightly controlled MGM's output by supervising script selection and final film editing, and he was responsible for the high quality of movies such as The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934), Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), and Romeo and Juliet (1936) and for making stars of Nelson Eddy and Jeanette MacDonald with Naughty Marietta (1935). Thalberg was one of the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
born May 30, 1899, Brooklyn, N.Y., U.S. died Sept. 14, 1936, Santa Monica, Calif. U.S. film executive. He suffered from health problems at a young age, and fearing his life would not be a long one, he threw himself into his career, joining Universal Pictures after completing high school. He soon became Universal's studio manager in Hollywood. Hired by MGM as head of production in 1925, he became known as the "boy wonder of Hollywood." He tightly controlled MGM's output by supervising script selection and final film editing, and he was responsible for the high quality of movies such as The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1934), Mutiny on the Bounty (1935), and Romeo and Juliet (1936) and for making stars of Nelson Eddy and Jeanette MacDonald with Naughty Marietta (1935). Thalberg was one of the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
born Jan. 31, 1881, Brooklyn, N.Y., N.Y., U.S. died Aug. 16, 1957, Falmouth, Mass. U.S. physical chemist. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Göttingen, Ger. As a researcher for General Electric (1909-50), he investigated electrical discharges in gases, electron emission, and the high-temperature surface chemistry of tungsten, making possible a great extension in the life of tungsten-filament lightbulbs. He developed a vacuum pump and the high-vacuum tubes used in radio broadcasting. He formulated theories of atomic structure and chemical bond formation, introducing the term covalence. He received a Nobel Prize in 1932
born June 16, 1917, Plainfield, N.J., U.S. U.S. photographer. He aspired to be a painter but at 26 took a job designing photographic covers for Vogue and soon was established as a fashion photographer. His austere fashion images communicated elegance and luxury through compositional refinement and clarity of line rather than through the use of elaborate props and backdrops. He branched out into portraiture after World War II and became much admired as a portraitist of celebrities. In his portraits the subject is usually posed before a bare backdrop and photographed in natural northern light. The resulting images combine simplicity and directness with great formal sophistication
born April 12, 1883, Stoneham, Mass., U.S. died Feb. 3, 1964, Cambridge, Mass. U.S. philosopher. He taught primarily at Harvard University (1920-53). His best-known works are Mind and the World Order (1929), Symbolic Logic (1932), An Analysis of Knowledge and Valuation (1947), and The Ground and Nature of the Right (1955). He maintained that knowledge is possible only where there is also a possibility of error. His position in epistemology represents a synthesis of empiricism and pragmatism
born Dec. 12, 1924, New York, N.Y., U.S. U.S. politician. After serving in the army during World War II, he graduated from New York University Law School. He was elected to the U.S. Congress in 1968, and in 1978 he was elected to the first of three terms as mayor of New York City. Koch is credited with bringing fiscal stability to the insolvent city and with instituting merit selection of city judges. His brash forthrightness made him an entertaining and popular figure, but his demeanour and his rhetoric increasingly came to be seen as unkind and divisive and eventually resulted in his defeat. He later became a columnist and talk-show host
born March 2, 1942, Exeter, N.H., U.S. U.S. novelist. He taught at several universities before beginning to write full-time in the late 1970s. His best-selling The World According to Garp (1978; film, 1982) is notable, like his other works, for its engaging story line, colourful characterizations, macabre humour, and examination of contemporary issues. Later novels include The Hotel New Hampshire (1981; film, 1984), The Cider House Rules (1985; film, 1999), and A Prayer for Owen Meany (1989)
born March 2, 1942, Exeter, N.H., U.S. U.S. novelist. He taught at several universities before beginning to write full-time in the late 1970s. His best-selling The World According to Garp (1978; film, 1982) is notable, like his other works, for its engaging story line, colourful characterizations, macabre humour, and examination of contemporary issues. Later novels include The Hotel New Hampshire (1981; film, 1984), The Cider House Rules (1985; film, 1999), and A Prayer for Owen Meany (1989)
orig. John Henry Brodribb born Feb. 6, 1838, Keinton Mandeville, Somerset, Eng. died Oct. 13, 1905, Bradford, Yorkshire British actor. He toured for 10 years with a stock company before making his London debut in 1866. With his success in The Bells (1871), he became a leading actor in H.L. Bateman's company (1871-77). As actor-manager of the Lyceum Theatre (from 1878), he made it London's most successful theatre. He formed a celebrated acting partnership with Ellen Terry that lasted until the company dissolved in 1902. They were noted for their Shakespearean roles, and their theatrical qualities complemented each other: he the brooding introvert, she the spontaneous charmer
a US writer known especially for his stories set in New York at the time when it was ruled by the Dutch. His two most famous stories are Rip van Winkle, about a man who falls asleep for 20 years, and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, about a teacher who meets a "Headless horseman" (1783-1859). born April 3, 1783, New York, N.Y., U.S. died Nov. 28, 1859, Tarrytown, N.Y. U.S. author, called the "first American man of letters. " He began his career as a lawyer but soon became a leader of the group that published Salmagundi (1807-08), a periodical containing whimsical essays and poems. After his comic A History of New York...by Diedrich Knickerbocker (1809), he wrote little until his very successful The Sketch Book (1819-20), containing his best-known stories, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle." It was followed by a sequel, Bracebridge Hall (1822). He held diplomatic positions in Madrid, Spain, and writings such as The Alhambra (1832) reflect his interest in Spain's past
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Heceleme
ır·ving
Etimoloji
() Variant of the Scottish habitational surname Irvine, probably from Celtic word cognate with Welsh ir, yr "green,fresh" + afon "water".